Темите (235-278) по-долу са покрити в глава XI-та: Спланхнология от Анатомията на Грей (версия от 1918 г.)
Дихателната система ()
Apparatus Respiratorius; Дихателна система Respiratory apparatus: development of laryngo-tracheal tube белодробни пъпки пирамидални подутини furcula of His
Гръклянът ()
Гръклян
Cartilages of the larynx (cartilagines laryngis)
Щитовиден хрущял (cartilago thyreoidea) laryngeal prominence (pomum Adami) superior thyroid notch oblique line
Щитовиден хрущял (cartilago thyreoidea) intrathyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage (cartilago cricoidea) posterior quadrate lamina (lamina cartilaginis cricoideæ; posterior portion) arch (arcus cartilaginis cricoideæ; anterior portion)
Arytenoid cartilages (cartilagines arytænoideæ) colliculus crista arcuata Corniculate cartilages (cartilagines corniculatæ; cartilages of Santorini) Cuneiform cartilages (cartilagines cuneiformes; cartilages of Wrisberg) Epiglottis (cartilago epiglottica) glossoepiglottic folds valleculae
Ligaments
Extrinsic Ligaments Hyothyroid membrane (membrana hyothyreoidea; thyrohyoid membrane)
Extrinsic Ligaments middle hyothyroid ligament (ligamentum hyothyreoideum medium; middle thyrohyoid ligament) Lateral hyothyroid ligament (ligamentum hyothyreoideum laterale; lateral thyrohyoid ligament) hyoepiglottic ligament (ligamentum hyoepiglotticum) Cricotracheal ligament (ligamentum cricotracheale) Intrinsic Ligaments elastic membrane of the larynx
Intrinsic Ligaments Conus elasticus (cricothyroid membrane) anterior part or middle cricothyroid ligament (ligamentum cricothyreoideum medium; central part of cricothyroid membrane) posterior cricoarytenoid ligament (ligamentum cricoarytenoideum posterius) thyroepiglottic ligament (ligamentum thyreoepiglotticum)
Interior of the Larynx
cavity of the larynx (cavum laryngis) rima glottidis vestibule of larynx ventricles of the larynx
entrance of the larynx aryepiglottic fold cuneiform tubercle Ventricular folds (plicœ ventriculares; superior or false vocal cords) ventricular ligament Vocal folds (plicœ vocales; inferior or true vocal cords) vocal ligaments (ligamenta vocales; inferior thyroarytenoid)
Ventricle of the larynx (ventriculus laryngis [Morgagnii]; laryngeal sinus) appendix of the laryngeal ventricle (appendix ventriculi laryngis; laryngeal saccule) Rima glottidis
Muscles
Cricothyreoideus (Cricothyroid)
Cricoarytænoideus posterior (posterior cricoarytenoid) Cricoarytænoideus lateralis (lateral cricoarytenoid) Arytænoideus Arytænoideus obliquus
Arytænoideus Aryepiglotticus Arytænoideus transversus Thyreoarytænoideus (Thyroarytenoid) Vocalis Thyreoepiglotticus Ventricularis
Glands
arytenoid glands
The trachea and bronchi ()
trachea or windpipe
Right bronchus (bronchus dexter) eparterial branch hyparterial branch Left bronchus (bronchus sinister)
cartilages of the trachea
напречни влакна (Трахеен мускул)
The pleurae ()
плевра – по слой белодробна плевра стенна плевра
плевра – по слой плеврална кухина плевра – по местоположение ребрена плевра диафрагматична плевра чашка на плеврата (шийна плевра) средостенна плевра Отражения на плеврата задно средостение белодробна връзка
Отражения на плеврата околосърдечна плевра Сибсънова фасция органоребрен синус
Отражения на плеврата ребреносредостенен синус белодробна връзка (ligamentum pulmonale; ligamentum latum pulmonis)
Средостението ()
Interpleural space средостение superior mediastinum
lower portion Anterior mediastinum Middle mediastinum
lower portion Posterior mediastinum
The lungs ()
Lungs (Pulmones)
Apex pulmonis Basis pulmonis Surfaces costal surface (facies costalis; external or thoracic surface)
Surfaces mediastinal surface (facies mediastinalis; inner surface) cardiac impression hilum of lung
Borders inferior border of lung (margo inferior) posterior border of lung (margo posterior) anterior border of lung (margo anterior) cardiac notch Fissures and Lobes of the Lungs left lung superior lobe inferior lobe
Fissures and Lobes of the Lungs right lung superior lobe middle lobe inferior lobe Root of the lung (radix pulmonis) Divisions of the Bronchi right bronchus eparterial bronchus hyparterial bronchi left bronchus
Structure intrapulmonary bronchi lobular bronchioles respiratory bronchioles alveolar ducts Atria of bronchi alveolar sacs alveoli or air sacs
Structure alveoli
Vessels and Nerves pulmonary artery pulmonary capillaries pulmonary veins bronchial arteries bronchial vein
The digestive apparatus ()
Digestive tube (alimentary canal)
Development of the Digestive tube fore-gut hind-gut Mouth stomodeum
Mouth primary labial groove secondary labial groove lateral swellings Salivary glands Tongue tuberculum impar
Tongue furcula copula foramen cecum Palatine tonsils Further Development of the Digestive tube yolk-stalk or vitelline duct коремен мезогастриум заден общ опорак гръбен мезогастриум
Далечно развитие на храносмилателната система мезоколон
Далечно развитие на храносмилателната система bursa omentalis foramen epiploicum or foramen of Winslow
Далечно развитие на храносмилателната система коремен мезогастриум
Право черво и анален канал
Правото черво и аналният канал entodermal cloaca cloacal membrane ectodermal cloaca urorectal septum cloacal duct
Правото черво и аналният канал proctodeum anal membrane post-anal gut
Устната кухина ()
cavity of the mouth vestibule (vestibulum oris) цепка Mouth cavity proper (cavum oris proprium) isthmus faucium mucous membrane
Lips (labia oris) frenulum Labial glands (glandulœ labiales)
Бузи (buccæ) лигавица molar glands Венци (gingivœ) Небце (palatum) Hard palate (palatum durum) Soft palate (palatum molle) palatine velum palatine uvula pillars of the fauces
Зъб (dentes)
Млечни зъби
Постоянни зъби
General characteristics of teeth корона корен шийка surfaces of a tooth buccal surface lingual surface surfaces of contact dental arches
Permanent teeth (dentes permanentes) Incisors (dentes incisivi; incisive or cutting teeth)
Permanent teeth (dentes permanentes) Incisors (dentes incisivi; incisive or cutting teeth) crown basal ridge (Cingulum) Canine teeth (dentes canini)
Permanent teeth (dentes permanentes) Canine teeth (dentes canini) upper canine teeth (eye teeth) lower canine teeth (stomach teeth)
Permanent teeth (dentes permanentes) Premolars or Bicuspid teeth (dentes præmolares) Molar teeth (dentes molares) multicuspids dens serotinus or wisdom-tooth Deciduous teeth (dentes decidui; temporary or milk teeth) Structure of the teeth pulp cavity dental pulp odontoblasts of Waldeyer
Structure of the teeth enamel cement (crusta petrosa) dentin (substantia eburnea; ivory) dental canaliculi (dentinal tubules) dentinal sheath of Neumann Tomes' fibers or dentinal fibers
Structure of the teeth matrix (intertubular dentin) incremental lines of Salter interglobular spaces granular layer lines of Schreger enamel (substantia adamantina) enamel fibers or enamel prisms (prismata adamantina) parallel striae (colored lines of Retzius) crusta petrosa or cement (substantia ossea)
Development of the deciduous teeth labiodental lamina dental lamina common dental germ dental furrow special dental germs
Development of the deciduous teeth enamel cells (adamantoblasts) external enamel epithelium enamel organ Formation of the Enamel enamel droplet cuticula dentis (Nasmyth's membrane) Formation of the Dentin dental sac odontoblasts prodentin dentinal fibers (Tomes' fibers)
Development of the deciduous teeth Formation of the Cement epithelial sheath Formation of the Alveoli gubernaculum dentis Development of the Permanent teeth successional permanent teeth superadded permanent teeth
Tongue (lingua)
Root (radix linguae base) Apex (apex linguae tip) Inferior Surface (facies inferior linguae under surface) frenulum linguæ plica fimbriata Dorsum of the tongue (dorsum linguæ) median sulcus foramen cecum sulcus terminalis
Dorsum of the tongue (dorsum linguæ) lingual tonsil Papillae of the tongue papillae vallatae (circumvallate papillae) papillae fungiformes (fungiform papillae)
Papillae of the tongue papillae filiformes (filiform papillae)
Papillae of the tongue papillae conicae (conical papilae) papillae simplices
Extrinsic muscles of tongue Genioglossus (Geniohyoglossus) Hyoglossus
Extrinsic muscles of tongue Chondroglossus Styloglossus intrinsic muscles of tongue Longitudinalis linguæ superior (Superior lingualis) Longitudinalis linguæ inferior (Inferior lingualis) Transversus linguæ (Transverse lingualis)
intrinsic muscles of tongue Verticalis linguæ (Vertical lingualis) Structure of the Tongue mucous membrane (tunica mucosa linguae) lingual tonsil papillae лигавица corium Glands of the tongue mucous glands serous glands
Septum of tongue hyoglossal membrane Taste-buds papilla foliata Vessels and Nerves lingual branch of the external carotid artery, external maxillary artery and ascending pharyngeal artery internal jugular vein sensory nerves of the tongue lingual branch of the mandibular nerve chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve superior laryngeal nerve
Salivary glands
Salivary glands Parotid gland (glandula parotis)
Parotid gland (glandula parotis) accessory part (socia parotidis) parotid duct (ductus parotideus; Stensen's duct)
Submaxillary gland (glandula submaxillaris) submaxillary duct (ductus submaxillaris; Wharton's duct)
Sublingual gland (glandula sublingualis) smaller sublingual ducts (ducts of Rivinus) plica sublingualis larger sublingual duct (duct of Bartholin) Structure of the Salivary Glands mucous alveoli crescents of Gianuzzi demilunes of Heidenhain serous alveoli
Structure of the Salivary Glands Langley's ganglion accessory glands
The fauces ()
isthmus faucium glossopalatine arch (arcus glossopalatinus; anterior pillar of fauces) pharyngopalatine arch (arcus pharyngopalatinus; posterior pillar of fauces) Palatine tonsils (tonsillae palatinae tonsil)
Palatine tonsils (tonsillae palatinae tonsil) supratonsillar fossa plica semilunaris plica triangularis tonsillar sinus medial surface of the tonsil lateral or deep surface of the tonsil lingual tonsil
palatine aponeurosis
Muscles of the palate Levator veli palatini (Levator palati) Tensor veli palatini (Tensor palati) Musculus uvulae (Azygos uvulae) Glossopalatinus (Palatoglossus) Pharyngopalatinus (Palatopharyngeus)
Muscles of the palate Pharyngopalatinus (Palatopharyngeus) posterior fasciculus anterior fasciculus
mucous membrane of the soft palate
The pharynx ()
pharynx pharyngeal recess (fossa of Rosenmüller) Nasal part of the pharynx (pars nasalis pharyngis; nasopharynx) pharyngeal ostium of the auditory tube torus or cushion
Nasal part of the pharynx (pars nasalis pharyngis; nasopharynx) salpingopharyngeal fold salpingopalatine fold pharyngeal recess (fossa of Rosenmüller) pharyngeal tonsil pharyngeal bursa Oral part of the pharynx (pars oralis pharyngis) palatine tonsil Laryngeal part of the pharynx (pars laryngea pharyngis) sinus piriformis Muscles of the pharynx Constrictor pharyngis inferior (Inferior constrictor)
Muscles of the pharynx Constrictor pharyngis medius (Middle constrictor) Constrictor pharyngis superior (Superior constrictor) sinus of Morgagni Stylopharyngeus Salpingopharyngeus Structure pharyngeal aponeurosis, or fibrous coat mucous coat
The esophagus ()
Esophagus or Gullet
Relations cervical portion of the esophagus thoracic portion of the esophagus
Relations abdominal portion of the esophagus