Keta (, "morsko čudovište") u grčkoj mitologiji je prvobitna boginja mora u grčkoj mitologiji, kćerka Ponta i njegove majke Geje. Kao mitološka figura, smatra se jednim od najstarijih božanstava i rodila je mnoštvo monstruozne djece čiji je otac bio Fork, još jedno dijete Geje i Ponta. Malo tijelo Sunčevog sistema 65489 Keto nazvano je po njoj, a njegov satelit po Forku.
Keto je također različito nazivana Kratej (, Krataiis, od , "moćan") i Trijen (, Trijenos, od , "u roku od tri godine"), a naučnici su je povremeno poistovjećivali s boginjom Hekatom (za koju su Kratej i Trijen također epiteti).
Ovu boginju ne treba miješati s manjom Okeanidom koja se također zove Keto, ili s raznim mitološkim bićima koja se nazivaju ketos (množina kētē ili ketea); ovo je opći termin za "morsko čudovište" u starogrčkom jeziku."κῆτος" in Liddell, Henry and Robert Scott. 1996. A Greek-English Lexicon. Revised by H.S. Jones and R. McKenzie. Ninth edition, with revised supplement. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Porodica Osim Keto, Geja (Zemlja) i Pont imali su još četiri potomka, Nereja, Taumanta, Forka i Euribiju.Hard, str. 50; Hesiod, Theogony 233–339 (Most, pp. 21–23); Apollodorus 1.2.6. Hesiodova Teogonija navodi djecu Kete i Forka kao dvije Greje: Pemfredo i Enija, te tri Gorgone: Steno, Eurijalu i Meduzu,Theogony 270–276 (Most, str. 24, 25). a njihovo posljednje potomstvo bila je neimenovana zmija (koju je kasnije Apolonije sa Rodosa nazvao Ladon) koja čuva zlatne jabuke.Theogony 333–336 (Most, str. 28, 29); Apollonius of Rhodes, 4.1396. Također, prema Hesiodu, polu-žena, polu-zmija Ehidna rodila je "žena" koju je Hesiod vjerovatno smatrao Ketom (s Forkom kao vjerovatnim ocem); međutim, "ona" bi se umjesto toga mogla odnositi na Okeanidu Kaliroju.Hesiod, Teogonija 270-300. Though Herbert Jennings Rose says simply that it is "not clear which parents [for Echidna] are meant", Athanassakis, str. 44, says that Ceto and Phorcys are the "more likely candidates for parents". The problem arises from the ambiguous referent of the pronoun "she" in Theogony 295. While some have read this "she" as referring to Callirhoe (e.g. Smith s.v. Echidna; Morford, p. 162), according to Clay, p. 159 n. 32, "the modern scholarly consensus" reads Ceto, see for example Most, p. 27 n. 16 ("Probably Ceto"); Gantz, p. 22 ("Phorkys and Keto produce Echidna"); Caldwell, pp. 7, 46 lines 295–303 ("presumably Keto"); West, p. 249 line 295 ("probably Keto"); Grimal, s.v. Echidna ("Phorcys and Ceto"). Mitograf Ferekid Atinski (5. vijek p. n. e) navodi Ehidnu kao kćerku Forka, bez imenovanja majke.Pherecydes, fr. 7 Fowler = FGrHist 3 F 7 (Fowler, p. 278); Hošek, str. 678.
Mitografi Apolodor i Higin imenuju po tri kćeri kao potomke Kete i Forka: Pemfredo, Dino i Persidu, zajednički nazvane Greje ("starice").Apollodorus 2.4.2; Hyginus, Fabulae Preface § str.9. Apolodor i Higin također navode Ladona kao potomka Ehidne i Tifona, umjesto Kete i Forke.Apollodorus 2.5.11; Hyginus, Fabulae Preface § str.35, 151.
Sholijast o Apoloniju sa Rodosa navodi Forku i Ketu kao roditelje Hesperida, ali ova tvrdnja se ne ponavlja u drugim antičkim izvorima.
Keta je moguće majka Nemejskog lava i Sfinge od svog unuka Ortara.Hesiod, Theogony 326–327. Who is meant as the mother is unclear, the problem arising from the ambiguous referent of the pronoun "she" in line 326 of the Theogony, see Clay, str. 159, bilješka 34
Homer spominje Toosu, Polifemovu majku u Odiseji, kao Forkovu kćer, ali ne navodi da li je Keta njena majka.
Kult Plinije Stariji spominje obožavanje "prepoznatljive Kete" u Jopi (sada Jaffa), u jednoj referenci, odmah nakon spominjanja Andromede, koju je Perzej spasio od morskog čudovišta. S. Safrai i M. Stern sugerišu mogućnost da je neko u Jopi uspostavio kult čudovišta pod imenom Keta. Kao alternativno objašnjenje, oni tvrde da su Plinije ili njegov izvor pogrešno protumačili ime Ketus - ili ime sirijske boginje Derketo.Colitur illic fabulosa Ceto. Pliny, Book 5, chapter 14, §69; this same paragraph will be referred to as v.14, v.69, V.xiv.69; and v.13 (one of the chapter divisions is missing in some MSS). For Ceto as a transferred name, see Rackham's Loeb translation; for emendations, see The Jewish people in the first century. Historical geography, political history, social, cultural and religious life and institutions. Ed. by S. Safrai and M. Stern in co-operation with D. Flusser and W. C. van Unnik, Vol II, p. 1081, and Oldfather's translation of Pliny (Derceto).
Reference
Izvori Athanassakis, Apostolos N, Hesiod: Theogony, Works and days, Shield, JHU Press, 2004. . Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website. Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica, edited and translated by William H. Race, Loeb Classical Library No. 1, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 2009. . Online version at Harvard University Press. Caldwell, Richard, Hesiod's Theogony, Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Company (June 1, 1987). . Clay, Jenny Strauss, Hesiod's Cosmos, Cambridge University Press, 2003. . Fowler, R. L., Early Greek Mythography: Volume 1: Text and Introduction, Oxford University Press, 2000. . Hyginus, Gaius Julius, Fabulae, in The Myths of Hyginus, edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960. Online version at ToposText. Gantz, Timothy, Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: (Vol. 1), (Vol. 2). Grimal, Pierre, The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996, . Hard, Robin (2004), The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology", Psychology Press, 2004, . Google Books. Hesiod, Theogony from The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website. Homer, The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. . Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website. Morford, Mark P. O., Robert J. Lenardon, Classical Mythology, Eighth Edition, Oxford University Press, 2007. . Most, G.W., Hesiod, Theogony, Works and Days, Testimonia, Edited and translated by Glenn W. Most, Loeb Classical Library No. 57, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 2018. . Online version at Harvard University Press. Rose, Herbert Jennings, "Echidna" in The Oxford Classical Dictionary, Hammond and Scullard (editors), Second Edition, Oxford University Press, 1992. Smith, William, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). West, M. L., Hesiod: Theogony, Oxford University Press.
Dodatna literatura Aken, Dr. A.R.A. van. (1961). Elseviers Mythologische Encyclopedie. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Bartelink, Dr. G.J.M. (1988). Prisma van de mythologie. Utrecht: Het Spectrum.
Kategorija:Grčka mitologija Kategorija:Djeca Geje Kategorija:Grčke boginje Kategorija:Čudovišta u grčkoj mitologiji Kategorija:Morske i riječne boginje