U grčkoj mitologiji Steno ()Bane, s.v. Stheno (or "mighty one"). i Eurijale ()Mayor, p. 433; Bane, s.v. Euryale (or "far-howling" and "wide-leaping"); Daly and Rangel, s.v. Euryale ("wide-stepping" or "Euryale may also mean 'the wide sea,' which would fit her role as a daughter of sea gods."). bile su dvije od tri sestre Gorgone, od kojih je treća bila Meduza, koje su mogle pretvoriti u kamen svakoga ko ih pogleda.Bremmer, s.v. Gorgo/Medusa; Gantz, str. 20; Grimal, s.v. Gorgons; Tripp, s.v. Gorgons; Daly and Rangel, s.v. Euryale. Kada je Perzej odrubio glavu Meduzi, dvije Gorgone su ga progonile, ali ga nisu uspjele uhvatiti.

Porodica Prema Hesiodu i Apolodoru, Steno i Eurijale, zajedno s Meduzom, bile su kćeri prvobitnog boga mora Forka i morskog čudovišta Kete, dok su, prema Higinu, bile kćeri "Gorgone", potomka Tifona i Ehidne, i Kete.

Mitologija

Gorgone Steno i Eurijale bile su besmrtne, dok je njihova sestra Gorgona Meduza bila smrtna.Hesiod, Teogonija 270–277; Apolodor, 2.4.2. Jedina priča koja ih uključuje je njihova potjera za Perzejem nakon što je on odrubio glavu Meduzi. Hesiodov štit Heraklov (oko kraja sedmog - sredine šestog vijeka p. n. e) opisuje potjeru dviju Gorgona za Perzejem, kako je prikazano na Heraklovom štitu:

Dok bi "veliki Strah" koji bjesni nad glavama Gorgona, u odlomku iz Štita citiranom gore, mogao biti nejasna referenca na kosu napravljenu od zmija, pjesnik Pindar eksplicitno navodi takvu fizičku karakteristiku, opisujući dvije Gorgone, baš kao i njihovu sestru Meduzu, kao da imaju "strašnu zmijsku kosu" ().Gantz, str. 20; Pindar, Pythian 12.9.

Prema Apolodorovoj verziji njihove priče, sve tri Gorgone imale su sposobnost pretvoriti u kamen svakoga ko ih pogleda. A kada je Perzej uspio odrubiti glavu Meduzi gledajući njen odraz u svom bronzanom štitu, Steno i Eurijale su krenule za njim, ali ga nisu mogle vidjeti jer je nosio Hadovu kapu, što ga je činilo nevidljivim.Bremmer, s.v. Gorgo/Medusa (which calls Apollodorus' version "canonical"); Apolodor, 2.4.2–3. See also Aeschylus (?), Prometheus Bound 798–800.

Eurijalin tužni krik, dok je jurila Perzeja, zabilježen je u dva izvora. Pindar navodi Atenu da stvori "mnogoglasne pjesme flauta" kako bi imitirala "prodoran krik" "brzopokretnih čeljusti Eurijale".Gantz, p. 20; Pindar, Pythian 12.20. Dok Non, u svojoj Dionizijaci, prikazuje Perzeja u bijegu kako "ne sluša trubu osim Eurijalinog urlika".Non, Dionysiaca 25.58; see also Dionysiaca 13.77–78, 30.265–266.

Ikonografija Tipični arhaični (oko 8-5. vijeka p. n. e) prikazi Steno i Eurijale pokazuju im glavu okrenutu prema posmatraču, kako sjede (naizgled bez vrata) na tijelu koje trči u profilu, s krilima na leđima i čizmama s uvojcima na vrhu. U kasnijim prikazima glave se smanjuju u odnosu na tijela, imaju vratove i izgledaju manje divlje.Wilke, pp. 31–35; Krauskopf and Dahlinger, str. 313–315, br. 312–334. For images see: LIMC IV-2, str. 184–187 (Gorgo, Gorgones 312–331).

Reference

Dodatna literatura References Aeschylus (?), Prometheus Bound in Aeschylus, with an English translation by Herbert Weir Smyth, Ph. D. in two volumes. Vol 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press. 1926. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Apolodor, Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. . . Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Bane, Theresa, Encyclopedia of Fairies in World Folklore and Mythology, McFarland, 2013. Bremmer, Jan N., s.v. Gorgo/Medusa, published online 22 December 2015, in the Oxford Classical Dictionary, edited by Tim Whitmarsh, digital ed, New York, Oxford University Press. . Daly, Kathleen N., Marion Rangel, Greek and Roman mythology, A to Z, third edition, Chelsea House Publishers, New York, 2009. . Euripides, Ion, translated by Robert Potter in The Complete Greek Drama, edited by Whitney J. Oates and Eugene O'Neill Jr. Volume 1. New York. Random House. 1938. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Gantz, Timothy, Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: (Vol. 1), (Vol. 2). Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project. Grimal, Pierre, The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996. . Internet Archive. Hard, Robin (2004), The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology", Psychology Press, 2004, . Google Books. Hesiod, Teogonija from The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Krauskopf, Ingrid, Stefan-Christian Dahlinger ("literarische Quellen"), s.v. Gorgo, Gorgones in Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (LIMC) IV.1. Artemis Verlag, Zürich and Munich. 1988. . Internet Archive. Mack, Rainer, "Facing Down Medusa (An aetiology of the gaze)", Art History vol. 25, 2002, pp. 571–604. Mayor, Adrienne, The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World, Princeton University Press, Feb 9, 2016. Most, G.W. (2018b), Hesiod: The Shield, Catalogue of Women, Other Fragments, Loeb Classical Library, No. 503, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 2007, 2018. . Online version at Harvard University Press. Non, Dionysiaca, Volume I: Books 1–15, translated by W. H. D. Rouse, Loeb Classical Library No. 344, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1940 (revised 1984). . Online version at Harvard University Press. Internet Archive (1940). Nonnus, Dionysiaca, Volume II: Books 16–35, translated by W. H. D. Rouse, Loeb Classical Library No. 345, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1940. . Online version at Harvard University Press. Internet Archive (1940). Nonnus, Dionysiaca, Volume III: Books 36–48, translated by W. H. D. Rouse, Loeb Classical Library No. 346, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1940. . Online version at Harvard University Press. Internet Archive (1940, reprinted 1942). Pindar, Odes, Diane Arnson Svarlien. 1990. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Tripp, Edward, Crowell's Handbook of Classical Mythology, Thomas Y. Crowell Co; First edition (June 1970). . Wilk, Stephen R., Medusa : Solving the Mystery of the Gorgon, Oxford University Press, New York, 2000. . Internet Archive. Google Books.

Kategorija:Grčka mitologija Kategorija:Meduza Kategorija:Gorgone