Cesare Emiliani (8 de desembre de 1922 – 20 de juliol de 1995) va ser un geòleg italo-americà que va especialitzar-se en micropaleontologia, i va fundar la paleoceanografia, desenvolupant l'escala cronològica dels estadis d'isòtops marins, que amb algunes modificacions, encara s'utilitzen actualment.
Va establir que les glaciacions dels darrers mig milió d'anys són un fenomen dels cicles de Milanković. També va proposar el Projecte "LOCO" (derivat de Long Cores) a la U.S. National Science Foundation. Aquest projecte ha proporcionat evidències de la història desl oceans i també serveix per provar les hipòtesis de l'extensió del llit marí (seafloor spreading) i la tectònica de plaques.
Cesare Emiliani va ser honorat amb el gènere Emiliania (Coccolitòfor) i va rebre diverses medalles i distincions
En els seus darrers anys va proposar una reforma del calendari basada en el calendari holocè per tal d'eliminar el problema de la cronologia BC–AD (abans de Crist, després de Crist) causat per la manca d'un any zero.
Biografia Cesare Emiliani nasqué a Bologna. Estudià geologia a la Universitat de Bolonya. Es va doctorar enm micropaleontologia l'any 1945. L'any 1948 acceptà la proposta d'anar als Estats Units (Rollin D. Salisbury Fellowship al Departament de Geologia de la Universitat de Chicago) Des de 1950 a 1956 va ser investigador associat al laboratori de geoquímica Harold Urey’s Geochemistry en l'institut Enrico Fermi per a estudis Nuclears.
Cesare Emiliani, estudiant els Foraminifera, va estar molt interessat a evidenciar els canvis climàtics del Plistocè.
Morí a Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, l'any 1995.
Obres populars de Cesare Emiliani Emiliani, Cesare. (1992). Planet Earth : Cosmology, Geology, & the Evolution of Life & the Environment. Cambridge University Press. (Paperback Edition ) Emiliani, Cesare. (1995). The Scientific Companion : Exploring the Physical World with Facts, Figures, and Formulas (Wiley Popular Science) (2nd Edition). Wiley. (Paperback Edition ) Emiliani, Cesare. (1993). Dictionary of Physical Sciences. Oxford University Press. (Paperback Edition )
Treballs importants de Cesare Emiliani Emiliani C (1954) Depth habitats of some species of pelagic foraminifera as indicated by oxygen isotope ratios. American Journal of Science 252:149–158 Emiliani C (1954) Temperature of Pacific bottom waters and polar superficial waters during the Tertiary. Science 119:853–855 Emiliani C (1956) Oligocene and Miocene temperature of the equatorial and subtropical Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Geology 64:281–288 Emiliani C (1956) On paleotemperatures of Pacific bottom waters. Science 123:460–461 Emiliani C (1957) Temperature and age analysis of deepsea cores. Science 125:383–385 Emiliani C (1961) The temperature decrease of surface water in high latitudes and of abyssal-hadal water in open oceanic basins during the past 75 million years. Deep-Sea Research 8:144–147 Emiliani C (1965) Precipitous continental clopes and considerations on the transitional crust. Science 147:145–148 Emiliani C (1966) Isotopic paleotemperatures. Science 154: 851–857 Emiliani C (1966). Paleotemperature analysis of Caribbean cores P6304-8 and P6304-9 and a generalized temperature curve for the past 425,000 years. Journal of Geology 74:109–124 Emiliani C (1968) The Pleistocene epoch and the evolution of man. Current Anthropology 9:27–47 Emiliani C (1969) Interglacials, high sea levels and the control of Greenland ice by the precession of the equinoxes. Science 166:1503–1504 Emiliani C (1969) A new paleontology. Micropaleontology 15:265–300 Emiliani C (1970) Pleistocene paleotemperatures. Science 168:822–825 Emiliani C (1971) The amplitude of Pleistocene climatic cycles at low latitudes and the isotopic composition of glacial ice. In: Turekian KK (ed) Late Cenozoic Glacial Ages. New Haven, CO: Yale University Press, pp 183–197 Emiliani C (1971) Depth habitats and growth stages of pelagic formanifera. Science 173:1122–1124 Emiliani C (1971) Paleotemperature variations across the Plio-Pleistocene boundary at the type section. Science 171:600–602 Emiliani C (1978) The cause of the ice ages. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 37:347–354 Emiliani C (1981) A new global geology. In: Emiliani C (ed) The Oceanic Lithosphere. The Sea (8th edn). Vol. 7. Nova York: Wiley Interscience, pp 1687–738 Emiliani C (1982) Extinctive evolution. Journal of Theoretical Biology 97:13–33 Emiliani C (1987) Dictionary of Physical Sciences. Oxford: Oxford University Press Emiliani C (1988) The Scientific Companion. Nova York: Wiley Emiliani C (1989) The new geology or the old role of the geological sciences in science education. Journal of Geological Education 37:327–331 Emiliani C (1991) Avogadro number and mole: a royal confusion. Journal of Geological Education 39:31–33 Emiliani C (1991) Planktic et al. Marine Micropaleontology 18:3 Emiliani C (1991) Planktic/planktonic, nektic/nektonic, benthic/benthonic. Journal of Paleontology 65:329 Emiliani C, Ericson DB (1991) The glacial/interglacial temperature range of the surface water of the ocean at low latitudes. In: Taylor HP, O’Neil JR, Kaplan IR (eds) Special Publication: Stable Isotope Geochemistry: A Tribute to Samuel Epstein. Pennsylvania: Geochemical Society, University Park, pp 223–228 Emiliani C (1992) The Moon as a piece of Mercury. Geologische Rundschau 81:791–794 Emiliani C (1992) Planet Earth: Cosmology, Geology, and the Evolution of Life and Environment. Nova York: Cambridge University Press Emiliani C (1992) Pleistocene paleotemperatures. Science 257:1188–1189 Emiliani C (1993) Milankovitch theory verified; discussion. Nature 364:583 Emiliani C (1993) Calendar reform. Nature 366:716 Emiliani C (1993) Extinction and viruses. BioSystems 31:155–159 Emiliani C (1993) Paleoecological implications of Alaskan terrestrial vertebrate fauna in latest Cretaceous time at high paleolatitudes: Comment. Geology 21:1151–1152 Emiliani C (1993) Viral extinctions in deep-sea species. Nature 366:217–218 Emiliani C (1995) Redefinition of atomic mass unit, Avogadro constant, and mole. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59:1205–1206 Emiliani C (1995) Tropical paleotemperatures: discussion. Science 268:1264 Emiliani C, Edwards G (1953) Tertiary ocean bottom temperatures. Nature 171:887–888 Emiliani C, Elliott I (1995) Vatican confusion. Nature 375:530 Emiliani C, Epstein S (1953) Temperature variations in the lower Pleistocene of Southern California. Journal of Geology 61:171–181 Emiliani C, Gartner S, Lidz B (1972) Neogene sedimentation on the Blake Plateau and the emergence of the Central American Isthmus. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 11:1–10 Emiliani C, Gartner S, Lidz B, Eldridge K, Elvey DK, Huang PC, Stipp JJ, Swanson M (1975) Paleoclimatological analysis of late Quaternary cores from the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Science 189:1083–1088 Emiliani C, Geiss J (1959) On glaciations and their causes. Geologische Rundschau 46:576–601 Emiliani C, Harrison CG, Swanson M (1969) Underground nuclear explosions and the control of earthquakes. Science 165:1255–1256 Emiliani C, Kraus EB, Shoemaker EM (1981) Sudden death at the end of the Mesozoic. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 55:327–334 Emiliani C, Mayeda T, Selli R (1961) Paleotemperature analysis of the Plio-Pleistocene section at le Castella, Calabria, southern Italy. Geological Society of America Bulletin 72:679–688 Emiliani C, Milliman JD (1966) Deep-sea sediments and their geological record. Earth Science Reviews 1:105–132 Emiliani C, Price DA, Seipp J (1991) Is the Postglacial artificial? In: Taylor HP, O’Neil JR, Kaplan IR (eds) Special Publication: Stable Isotope Geochemistry: A Tribute to Samuel Epstein. Pennsylvania: Geochemical Society, University Park, pp 229–231 Emiliani C, Shackleton NJ (1974) The Brunhes Epoch: paleotemperature and geochronology. Science 183:511–514 Referències
http://www.soes.soton.ac.uk/staff/tt/eh/ce.html
Categoria:Alumnes de la Universitat de Bolonya Categoria:Morts al comtat de Palm Beach (Florida) Categoria:Científics bolonyesos Categoria:Científics estatunidencs Categoria:Morts al segle XX