Jean Calvin

Jean Calvin (født Jean Cauvin den 10. juli 1509i Noyon i Pikardiet, død 27. maj 1564) var efter Martin Luther den mest betydningsfulde reformator i den protestantiske reformation. Efter at han i 1534 havde støttet reformationen, blev han tvunget til at flygte fra Paris til Basel. Efter 1536 virkede Calvin som prædikant i Genève, hvor han 1536-1538 sammen med Guillaume Farel skabte en reformert menighed. På grund af sin moralske strenghed blev Calvin udvist fra byen i 1538, men blev kaldt tilbage i 1541. Selvom Calvin ikke havde nogen reel politisk magt i Genève, så havde han indflydelse på nogle af medlemmerne i byrådetGordon, Bruce. Calvin. Yale University Press, 2011.. Mens Calvin var præst i Genève blev der indført streng kirketugt. Med Calvins anbefaling blev den fremtrædende spanske læge Miguel Serveto, henrettet i Genève, fordi han havde angrebet læren om Treenigheden og barnedåb. Serveto havde allerede fået en dødsdom af den katolske kirke. Calvin anmodede om, at Serveto skulle henrettes ved sværdet i stedet for på bålet, men fik ikke sin vilje.

Ved at grundlægge et præsteakademi i Genève 1559 fik han indflydelse på reformationens udvikling i store dele af Europa. Det vigtigste af hans mange skrifter er Institutio religionis Christianae (1559).

Hans lære, calvinismen, har sin største udbredelse i Schweiz, Storbritannien, den vestlige del af Tyskland, USA, Frankrig og Nederlandene. I Danmark er der reformerte menigheder i Fredericia, i København samt på Bornholm. Kirken i Gothersgade i København huser både en tysk og en fransk menighed.

Calvin var opført på Index librorum prohibitorum, den katolske kirkes indeks over forbudte bøger.

Han er begravet på en kirkegård i Geneve, Schweiz.

Referencer

Yderligere læsning Abel, Olivier. Jean Calvin Et Thomas Hobbes: Naissance de la modernité politique. Labor Et Fides, 2013. Abel, Olivier. Calvin. Éditions Pygmalion, 2009. Aers, David. Versions of Election: From Langland and Aquinas to Calvin and Milton. University of Notre Dame Press, 2020. Arnold, Matthieu (red.) Jean Calvin: les années strasbourgeoises (1538-1541). Presses Universitaires de Strasbourg, Backus, Irena (red.) og Benedict, Philip (red.). Calvin and His Influence, 1509-2009. Oxford University Press, 2011. Balserak, Jon (red.). A Companion to the Reformation in Geneva. BRILL, 2021. Balserak, Jon. John Calvin: as Sixteenth-Century Prophet. Oxford University Press, 2014, Balserak, Jon. Establishing the Remnant Church in France: Calvin’s Lectures on the Minor Prophets, 1556-1559. BRILL, 2011. Balserak, Jon. Divinity Compromised: A Study of Divine Accommodation in the Thought of John Calvin. Springer, 2006. Barth, Karl. Die Theologie Calvins. Theologischer Verlag Zürich, 1993 (1922). Barth, Karl. The Theology of John Calvin. (Oversat af Bromiley, Geoffrey). Wm.B. Eerdmans, 1995 (1922). Bell, M. Charles. Calvin and Scottish Theology: The Doctrine of Assurance. Handsel Press, 1996. Benedict, Philip. Season of Conspiracy: Calvin, the French Reformed Curches, and Protestant Plotting in the Reign of Francis II (1559-60). American Philosophical Society Press, 2020. Biéler, André. Calvin’s Economic and Social Thought. (overs. af Grieg, James). WCC, 2005. Biéler, André. La Pensée Économique Et Sociale De Calvin.  Librairie de l’Université Georg, Genève 2008 (1959). Biéler, André. The Social Humanism of Calvin. John Knox Press, 1964 Bierma, Lyle D.. Font of Pardon and New Life: John Calvin and the Efficacy of Baptism. Oxford University Press, 2021. Billings, J. T.. Calvin, Participation, and the Gift: The Activity of Believers in Union with Christ. Oxford University Press, 2007. Blacketer, Raymond A.. The School of God: Pedagogy and Rhetoric in Calvin's Interpretation of Deuteronomy. Springer, 2006, Blandenier, Jacques. Martin Luther and Jean Calvin: Contrastes et ressemblances. Éditions Excelsis, 2008. Boer, Roland. Political Grace: The Revolutionary Theology of John Calvin. Westminster John Knox Press, 2009. Bouwsma, William J.. John Calvin: A Sixteenth-Century Portrait. Oxford University Press, 1989. Boyle, Marjorie O’Rourke. Cultural Anatomies of the Heart in Aristotle, Augustine, Aquinas, Calvin, and Harvey. Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. Boyle, Marjorie O’Rourke. Senses of Touch: Human Dignity and Deformity From Michelangelo to Calvin. BRILL, 1998. Breen, Quirinus. John Calvin: A Study in French Humanism. Archon, 1968. Breukelman, Frans H. The Structure of Sacred Doctrine in Calvin’s Theology. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2010. Brewer, Brian C (red.). og Whitford, David M. (red.). Calvin and the Early Reformation. BRILL, 2019. Buckner, Forrest H.. Uncovering Calvin’s God: John Calvin on Predestination and the Love of God. Fortress Academic, 2020. Burnett, Amy N. (red.). John Calvin, Myth and Reality: Images and Impact of Geneva's Reformer. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2011. Butin, Philip Walker. Revelation, Redemption, and Response : Calvin's Trinitarian Understanding of the Divine-Human Relationship. Oxford University Press, 1995. Canlis, Julie Calvin's Ladder: A Spiritual Theology of Ascent and Ascension. Wm.B. Eerdmans, 2010 Capetz, Paul E.. Christian Faith as Religion - A Study in the Theologies of Calvin and Schleiermacher. University Press of America, 1998. Carefoote, Pearce J.. Calvin by the Book: A Literary Commemoration of the 500th Anniversary of the Birth of John Calvin. University of Toronto Press, 2009. Chung, Paul S.. Spirituality and Social Ethics in John Calvin: A Pneumatological Perspective. University Press of America, 2000. Chung, Sung Wook. Admiration and Challenge: Karl Barth's Theological Relationship with John Calvin. Peter Lang Inc., International Academic Publishers, 2002. Clavairoly, François. Calvin, De La Réforme À La Modernité. Presses Universitaires de France - PUF, 2010. Coffey, John. Exodus and Liberation: Deliverance Politics from John Calvin to Martin Luther King Jr. Oxford University Press, 2014. David, Thomas (red.). John Calvin's American Legacy. Oxford University Press, 2010. Davies, Horton. The Vigilant God: Providence in the Thought of Augustine, Aquinas, Calvin, and Barth. Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften, 2018. de Greef, Wulfert. Of One Tree: Calvin on Jews and Christians in the Context of the Late Middle Ages. (overs. Bierma, Lyle D.) Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Academic, 2021. de Kroon, Marijn. The Honour of God and Human Salvation: Calvin's Theology According To His Institutes. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2001. De Niet, Johan (red.), et al. Sober, Strict, and Scriptural: Collective Memories of John Calvin, 1800-2000. BRILL, 2009. Diamond, David Mark. Reading Character After Calvin : Secularization, Empire, and the Eighteenth-century Novel. University of Virginia Press, 2024. Doerksen, Daniel W. Picturing Religious Experience: George Herbert, Calvin, and the Scriptures. University of Delaware Press, 2011. Dommen, Edward (red.) og James D. Bratt (red.). John Calvin Rediscovered: The Impact of His Social and Economic Thought (Princeton Theological Seminary Studies in Reformed Theology and History). Westminster John Knox Press, 2007. Dowey, Edward A.. The knowledge of God in Calvin's Theology. Columbia University Press, 2020 (1952). Dyrness, William A. Reformed Theology and Visual Culture: The Protestant Imagination from Calvin to Edwards. Cambridge University Press, 2004. Dyrness, William A. The Origins of Protestant Aesthetics in Early Modern Europe: Calvin's Reformation Poetics. Cambridge University Press, 2019. Edmondson, Stephen. Calvin’s Christology. Cambridge University Press, 2004. Eire, Carlos M. N. War Against the Idols: The Reformation of Worship from Erasmus to Calvin. Cambridge University Press, 1989. Ellis, Brannon. Calvin, Classical Trinitarianism, and the Aseity of the Son. Oxford University Press, 2012. Essary, Kirk. Erasmus and Calvin on the Foolishness of God: Reason and Emotion in the Christian Philosophy. University of Toronto Press, 2017. Forstman, H. Jackson. Word and Spirit: Calvin's Doctrine of Biblical Authority. Stanford University Press, 1962. Furet, François, and Jacques Ozouf. Reading and Writing: Literacy in France from Calvin to Jules Ferry. Cambridge University Press, 1982. Ganoczy, Alexandre, John Calvin, i Hillebrand, Hans J. (red.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation Oxford University Press, 2005. Ganoczy, Alexandre. The Young Calvin. (overs. af Foxgrover, David og Provo, Wade). T&T Clark, Edinburgh 1988. Garside, Charles. The Origins of Calvin’s Theology of Music, 1536-1543. American Philosophical Society Press, 1979. Gatgounis, George J. Calvin the Magistrate: His Political and Legal Legacy. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2021. Gibson, David. Reading the Decree: Exegesis, Election and Christology in Calvin and Barth. T&T Clark, 2009. Gilmont, Jean-François. John Calvin and the Printed Book. Penn State Press, 2005. Gordon, Bruce F.. Calvin. Yale University Press, 2011. Gordon, Bruce F.. John Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion: A Biography. Princeton University Press, New Jersey. 2015. Gordon, Bruce F.. (red) og Trueman, Carl. R. (red.). The Oxford Handbook of Calvin and Calvinism. Oxford University Press, 2021. Graham, W. Fred. The Constructive Revolutionary: John Calvin and His Socio-Economic Impact. Michigan State University Press, 1987. Haas, Guenther H.. The Concept of Equity in Calvin’s Ethics. Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1997. Hancock, Ralph C.. Calvin and the Foundations of Modern Politics. Cornell University Press, 1989. Helm, Paul. Calvin at the Centre. Oxford University Press, 2009. Helm, Paul. Calvin: A Guide for the Perplexed. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2008. Helm, Paul. Calvin’s Ideas. Oxford University Press. 2005. Hesselink, I. J.. Calvin’s concept of the law, (book 30, Princeton Theological Monograph). Pickwick Publications, 1992. Hirzel, Martin Ernst (red.) og Martin Sallmann (red.). John Calvin’s Impact on Church and Society, 1509-2009. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. Hofheinz, Marco. Johannes Calvins theologische Friedensethik: Von der Prähistorie bis zur Gegenwart. W. Kohlhammer GmbH, 2012. Holder, R. Ward. Calvin and the Christian Tradition: Scripture, Memory, and the Western Mind. Cambridge University Press, 2022. Holder, R. Ward (red.). John Calvin in Context. Cambridge University Press, 2019. Holder, R. Ward, (red.). Calvin and Luther: The Continuing Relationship. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Academic, 2013. Holder, R. Ward. John Calvin and the Grounding of Interpretation: Calvin’s First Commentaries. BRILL, 2006. Höpfl, Harro. The Christian Polity of John Calvin. Cambridge University Press, 1985. Hughes, Philip E. The Register of the Company of Pastors of Geneva in the Time of Calvin. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2004. Huijgen, Arnold. Divine Accommodation in John Calvin’s Theology: Analysis and Assessment. Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 2011. Hunter, A. Mitchell. The Teachings of Calvin: A Modern Interpretation. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 1999. Innes, William C. Social Concern in Calvin’s Geneva. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 1983, Istafanous, Abd-El-Masih. Calvin’s Doctrine of Biblical Authority. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2010. Jansen, J. F.. Calvin’s Doctrine of the Work of Christ. James Clarke & Co, Lutterworth 1987 (1956). Jenkins, Gary W. Calvin’s Tormentors: Understanding the Conflicts That Shaped the Reformer. Baker Academics, 2018. Jeon, Koo Jeong. Calvin and the Federal Vision: Calvin's Covenant Theology in Light of Contemporary Discussion. Wipf and Stock, 2009. Kendall, R. T. Calvin and English Calvinism to 1649. Oxford University Press, 1981. Kennedy, Kevin Dixon. Union With Christ and the Extent of the Atonement in Calvin. Peter Lang Incorporated, International Academic Publishers, 2002.