A Graphium a rovarok (Insecta) osztályának lepkék (Lepidoptera) rendjébe, ezen belül a pillangófélék (Papilionidae) családjába tartozó nem.
Előfordulásuk A Graphium-fajok előfordulási területe Eurázsia, Afrika és Óceánia trópusi és szubtrópusi részein lévő esőerdők és szavannák. Gyakran a sáros pocsolyák szélén láthatók, amint ásványokat szívnak fel.
Tápnövényeik Ez a lepkenem nagyon széles elterjedéssel rendelkezik, emiatt a benne levő fajok hernyói igen változatos növényzettel táplálkozhatnak. Ezek a legfőbb tápnövénycsaládok: annónafélék (Annonaceae), liliomfafélék (Magnoliaceae), babérfélék (Lauraceae), rutafélék (Rutaceae), jamszgyökérfélék (Dioscoreaceae), gyapjúfaformák (Bombacoideae), borsfélék (Piperaceae), szömörcefélék (Anacardiaceae), meténgfélék (Apocynaceae), malpighicserjefélék (Malpighiaceae), Hernandiaceae, Guttiferae, Monimiaceae, csavarpálmafélék (Pandanaceae), Winteraceae és kutyatejfélék (Euphorbiaceae).
Rendszerezés A nembe az alábbi 5 alnem és 99-100 faj tartozik:Graphium, funet.fi
Idaides - alnem codrus csoport Graphium anthedon (C. & R. Felder, 1864) Graphium cloanthus (Westwood, 1841) Graphium codrus (Cramer, ) Graphium empedocles (Fabricius, 1787) - lehet, hogy azonos a G. empedovanával Graphium empedovana (Corbet, 1941) Graphium gelon (Boisduval, 1859) Graphium macleayanus (Leach, 1814) Graphium mendana (Godman & Salvin, 1888) Graphium monticolus (Fruhstorfer, 1896) Graphium sarpedon (Linnaeus, 1758) - típusfaj Graphium stresemanni (Rothschild, 1916) Graphium weiskei (Ribbe, 1900) eurypylus csoport Graphium agamemnon (Linnaeus, 1758) Graphium arycles (Boisduval, 1836) Graphium bathycles (Zinken, 1831) Graphium chironides (Honrath, 1884) Graphium doson (C. & R. Felder, 1864) Graphium eurypylus (Linnaeus, 1758) Graphium evemon (Boisduval, 1836) Graphium leechi (Rothschild, 1895) Graphium macfarlanei (Butler, 1877) Graphium meeki (Rothschild & Jordan, 1901) Graphium meyeri (Hopffer, 1874) Graphium procles (Grose-Smith, 1887) wallacei csoport Graphium browni (Godman & Salvin, 1879) Graphium hicetaon (Mathew, 1886) Graphium sandawanum Yamamoto, 1977 Graphium wallacei (Hewitson, 1858) Arisbe Hübner, - alnem antheus csoport Graphium antheus (Cramer, ) Graphium evombar (Boisduval, 1836) policenes csoport Graphium biokoensis Gauthier, 1984 Graphium colonna (Ward, 1873) Graphium gudenusi (Rebel, 1911) Graphium illyris (Hewitson, 1872) Graphium junodi (Trimen, 1893) Graphium kirbyi (Hewitson, 1872) Graphium liponesco (Suffert, 1904) Graphium policenes (Cramer, ) Graphium policenoides (Holland, 1892) Graphium polistratus (Grose-Smith, 1889) Graphium porthaon (Hewitson, 1865) angolanus csoport Graphium angolanus (Goeze, 1779) Graphium endochus (Boisduval, 1836) Graphium morania (Angas, 1849) Graphium ridleyanus (White, 1843) Graphium schaffgotschi (Niepelt, 1927) Graphium taboranus (Oberthür, 1886) leonidas csoport Graphium cyrnus (Boisduval, 1836) Graphium leonidas (Fabricius, 1793) Graphium levassori Oberthür, 1890 tynderaeus csoport Graphium tynderaeus (Fabricius, 1793) Graphium latreillianus (Godart, 1819) philonoe csoport Graphium philonoe (Ward, 1873) adamastor csoport Graphium abri Smith & Vane-Wright, 2001 Graphium adamastor (Boisduval, 1836) Graphium agamedes (Westwood, 1842) Graphium almansor (Honrath, 1884) Graphium auriger (Butler, 1876) Graphium aurivilliusi (Seeldrayers, 1896) Graphium fulleri (Grose-Smith, 1883) Graphium hachei (Dewitz, 1881) Graphium kigoma Carcasson, 1964 Graphium olbrechtsi Berger, 1950 Graphium poggianus (Honrath, 1884) Graphium rileyi Berger, 1950 Graphium schubotzi (Schultze, 1913) Graphium simoni (Aurivillius, 1899) Graphium ucalegon (Hewitson, 1865) Graphium ucalegonides (Staudinger, 1884) Pathysa - alnem antiphates csoport Graphium agetes (Westwood, 1841) Graphium androcles (Boisduval, 1836) Graphium antiphates (Cramer, ) Graphium aristeus (Stoll, ) Graphium decolor (Staudinger, 1888) Graphium dorcus (de Haan, 1840) Graphium epaminondas (Oberthür, 1879) Graphium euphrates (C. & R. Felder, 1862) Graphium euphratoides (Eimer, 1889) Graphium nomius (Esper, 1799) Graphium rhesus (Boisduval, 1836) Graphium stratiotes (Grose-Smith, 1887) Paranticopsis Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1887 - alnem Graphium delessertii (Guérin-Méneville, 1839) Graphium deucalion (Boisduval, 1836) Graphium encelades (Boisduval, 1836) Graphium idaeoides (Hewitson, 1853) Graphium macareus (Godart, 1819) Graphium megaera (Staudinger, 1888) Graphium megarus (Westwood, 1844) Graphium ramaceus (Westwood, 1872) Graphium phidias (Oberthür, 1906) Graphium stratocles (C. & R. Felder, 1861) Graphium thule (Wallace, 1865) Graphium xenocles (Doubleday, 1842) Pazala Moore, 1888 - alnem Graphium alebion (Gray, ) Graphium eurous (Leech, ) Graphium glycerion (Gray, 1831) Graphium incerta Bang-Haas, 1927 Graphium mandarinus (Oberthür, 1879) Graphium mullah (Alpheraky 1897)Global Names IndexGraphium mullah kooichiiCotton, A.M. & Racheli, T. Preliminary Annotated Checklist of the Papilionidae of Laos with Notes on Taxonomy, Phenology, Distribution and Variation (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea).Fragmenta Entomologica, Roma, 38(2): 279-378. Graphium tamerlana (Oberthür, 1876)
Jegyzetek
Források Smith, Campbell R. and Vane-Wright R.I., 2001 A review of the Afrotropical species of the genus Graphium (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera: Papilionidae) Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Entomology Series Volume 70:503-719 online Miller, L. D., and Miller, J. Y. (2004). The Butterfly Handbook, pp. 20–25, 52. Barron's Educational Series, Inc.; Hauppauge, New York. Smart, P. (1976). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World.
Fordítás
További információk NHM Afrotropical Kite Swallowtails (broadly Subgenera Pazala and Arisbe) Genus Graphium at Lepidoptera.pro Hanafusa, H. 1993. A list of butterflies from Mentawai Islands, Indonesia (1). Futao 11: 1–13. Reference page. Hanafusa, H. 1997. A new subspecies of Graphium dorcus (De HAAN) from Butung Is., Indonesia (Lepidoptera : Papilionidae). Futao 26: 1–2. reference page Hanafusa, H. 1998a. A new subspecies of Graphium batjanensis OKANO,1984 from Morotai Is., Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Futao 27: 4–5. reference page Hemming, A. F., 1933. On the Types of certain butterfly genera. Entomologist 66: 196–200 reference page Hemming, A.F. 1967. The generic names of the butterflies and their type species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 1967, Suppl. 9. BHL. Reference page. Hu, S.J., Cotton, A.M., Condamine, F.L., Duan, K., Wang, R.J., Hsu, Y.F., Zhang, X. & Cao, J. 2018. Revision of Pazala Moore, 1888: The raphium (Pazala) mandarinus (Oberthür, 1879) Group, with Treatments of Known Taxa and Descriptions of New Species and New Subspecies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Zootaxa 4441(3): 401–446. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.1. Reference page. Libert, M. 2007. Note on the genus Graphium Scopoli. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Lambillionea 107(1): 19–29. reference page Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Decima, Reformata. Tomus I. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm. 824 pp. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.542 BHL Reference page. Medicielo, M.M. & H. Hanafusa 1994: Descriptions of five new butterflies from Philippines and Indonesia with some revisional notes (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae, Satyridae, Riodinidae). Futao 15: 16–19. Monastyrskii, A.L. 2012. New taxa and new records of butterflies from Vietnam (4) (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Atalanta 43(1-2): 156–164. full article (pdf). reference page Morita, S., 2004: A new subspecies of Graphium empedovana (Corbet, 1941) from Terengganu Province, Malaysia (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Futao 47: 20. Morita, S., 2009: Two new subspecies of Graphium ramaceus (Westwood, 1872) from Tioman Isl. and Langkawi Isl., Malaysia (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Futao 55: 10–11. Müller, C.J. & W.J. Tennent, 1999: A new species of Graphium Scopoli (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) from the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. Records of the Australian Museum 51: 161–168. Full article: . Okano, K. 1993: Notes on butterflies (Rhopalocera) from Indonesia, with descriptions of four new subspecies. Tokurana, 19(1): 1–7. reference page Scopoli, G.A. 1777. Introductio ad historiam naturalem, sistens genera lapidum, plantanum et animalum hactenus detecta, caracteribus essentialibus donata, in tribus divisa, subinde ad leges naturae. Sacrotissimae augustissimae georioissimae Romanirum imperarix Mariae Theresiae. Prague. 540 pp. BHL Reference page. Yagishita, A. 2007. A new subspecies of Graphium batjanensis Okano, 1984 and a new species of the genus Delias Hübner from Central Halmahera Is., Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae and Pieridae). Futao 53: 10-12. reference page
Kategória:Pillangófélék Kategória:Rovarnemek