Cnidaria este o încrengătură de animale acvatice ce conține peste 10.000 de specii de animale, întâlnite preponderent în mediul marin.
Reprezentanții Cnidaria au fost un timp lung grupați împreună cu Ctenophorele în încrengătura(?) Coelenterata, dar apoi au fost plasate în propria încrengătură.
Cladogramă conform Catalogue of Life:
Filogenie
Referințe
Lectură suplimentară
Cărți Arai, M.N. (1997). A Functional Biology of Scyphozoa. London: Chapman & Hall [p. 316]. ISBN 0-412-45110-7. Ax, P. (1999). Das System der Metazoa I. Ein Lehrbuch der phylogenetischen Systematik. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart-Jena: Gustav Fischer. ISBN 3-437-30803-3. Barnes, R.S.K., P. Calow, P. J. W. Olive, D. W. Golding & J. I. Spicer (2001). The invertebrates—a synthesis. Oxford: Blackwell. 3rd edition [chapter 3.4.2, p. 54]. ISBN 0-632-04761-5. Brusca, R.C., G.J. Brusca (2003). Invertebrates. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. 2nd edition [chapter 8, p. 219]. ISBN 0-87893-097-3. Dalby, A. (2003). Food in the Ancient World: from A to Z. London: Routledge. Moore, J.(2001). An Introduction to the Invertebrates. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [chapter 4, p. 30]. ISBN 0-521-77914-6. Schäfer, W. (1997). Cnidaria, Nesseltiere. In Rieger, W. (ed.) Spezielle Zoologie. Teil 1. Einzeller und Wirbellose Tiere. Stuttgart-Jena: Gustav Fischer. Spektrum Akademischer Verl., Heidelberg, 2004. ISBN 3-8274-1482-2. Werner, B. 4. Stamm Cnidaria. In: V. Gruner (ed.) Lehrbuch der speziellen Zoologie. Begr. von Kaestner. 2 Bde. Stuttgart-Jena: Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart-Jena. 1954, 1980, 1984, Spektrum Akad. Verl., Heidelberg-Berlin, 1993. 5th edition. ISBN 3-334-60474-8.
Articole de reviste D. Bridge, B. Schierwater, C. W. Cunningham, R. DeSalle R, L. W. Buss: Mitochondrial DNA structure and the molecular phylogeny of recent cnidaria classes. in: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia USA 89.1992, p. 8750. D. Bridge, C. W. Cunningham, R. DeSalle, L. W. Buss: Class-level relationships in the phylum Cnidaria—Molecular and morphological evidence. in: Molecular biology and evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford 12.1995, p. 679. D. G. Fautin: Reproduction of Cnidaria . in: Canadian Journal of Zoology. Ottawa Ont. 80.2002, p. 1735. (PDF, online) G. O. Mackie: What's new in cnidarian biology? in: Canadian Journal of Zoology. Ottawa Ont. 80.2002, p. 1649. (PDF, online) P. Schuchert: Phylogenetic analysis of the Cnidaria. in: Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung. Paray, Hamburg-Berlin 31.1993, p. 161. G. Kass-Simon, A. A. Scappaticci Jr.: The behavioral and developmental physiology of nematocysts. in: Canadian Journal of Zoology. Ottawa Ont. 80.2002, p. 1772. (PDF, online)
Legături externe
YouTube: Nematocysts Firing YouTube:My Anemone Eat Meat Defensive and feeding behaviour of sea anemone Cnidaria - Guide to the Marine Zooplankton of south eastern Australia , Tasmanian Aquaculture & Fisheries Institute A Cnidaria homepage maintained by University of California, Irvine Cnidaria page at Tree of Life Fossil Gallery: Cnidarians The Hydrozoa Directory Hexacorallians of the World