Премия Румфорда () — научная награда Американской академии искусств и наук. Учреждена в 1796 году на денежные средства Бенджамина Томпсона (графа Румфорда), вручается с 1839 года за достижения в области тепла или света. Награда включает в себя медаль из золота и серебра. Все лауреаты на момент награждения жили в США или Канаде. Несколько лауреатов также получили европейскую медаль Румфорда: Сэмюэл Лэнгли, Джон Уильям Дрейпер, Роберт Вильямс Вуд.
Лауреаты
Год врученияЛауреатФормулировка обоснования 1839 Inventor of the oxy-hydrogen blowpipe 1862 Эрикссон, Джон His work improved the field of heat management, but the award was specifically for his invention of the caloric engine of 1858. 1865 Heat management. He was awarded especially for his contributions towards a "cannon of large caliber, and great strength and endurance". 1866 Кларк, Элвин Improved refracting telescopes 1869 For improving the steam engine 1871 Joseph Harrison, Jr. Towards his concern for safer steam boilers 1873 Резерфорд, Льюис Моррис For improving the "processes and methods" of astronomical photography 1875 Дрейпер, Джон Уильям For his work towards apprehending radiant energy 1880 Гиббс, Джозайя Уиллард Founded the field of chemical thermodynamics 1883 Роуланд, Генри For his research in light and heat 1886 Лэнгли, Сэмюэл Пирпонт For his work towards the understanding of radiant energy 1888 Майкельсон, Альберт Абрахам Measured the velocity of light, and contribution towards the motion of the luminiferous ether, and absolute determination of the wavelengths of light 1891 Пикеринг, Эдуард Чарлз For his work on stellar photometry and stellar spectra 1895 Эдисон, Томас Алва For his investigations in 1898 Килер, Джеймс Эдуард For the applications of the spectroscope, and especially his investigations of nebulae and the physical contents of Saturn's rings 1899 For the development of the electric arc lamp 1900 For his heat research 1901 Томсон, Элиу For his work in welding and lighting 1902 Хейл, Джордж Эллери For his investigations in and stellar physics and for the invention of the 1904 For his research on radiation, radiation pressure, stellar heat, and the infrared spectrum 1907 Эдвард Ачесон For the application of the electric furnace to the production of carborundum and graphite 1909 Вуд, Роберт Вильямс For light-related discoveries, including the optical properties of sodium and other metallic vapors 1910 For his improvements to the steam turbine 1911 Крафтс, Джеймс Мейсон For his work in thermometry, and the development of new fixed points on the scale 1912 For his inventions in color photography and photoengraving 1913 Стеббинс, Джоуэл For the development of the selenium photometer and its application to scientific problems 1914 Уильям Дэвид Кулидж For his invention of ductile tungsten 1915 Аббот, Чарлз Грили For his research in solar radiation 1917 Бриджмен, Перси Уильямс For his high-pressure thermodynamic breakthroughs 1918 Теодор Лайман Awarded for his research on short-wave and long-wave wavelengths 1920 Ленгмюр, Ирвинг For his research in thermionic and allied phenomena 1925 Расселл, Генри Норрис Awarded for his research in solar radiation 1926 Комптон, Артур Холли Awarded for his research in Roentgen rays 1928 For his research in spectrophotometry 1930 Пласкетт, Джон Стэнли For his astronomical spectrographic research 1931 Комптон, Карл Тэйлор He was awarded the medal for thermionics and spectroscopic research. 1933 Шепли, Харлоу For his work with the luminosity of stars and galaxies 1937 Кобленц, Уильям For his improvements in the measurement of heat and light 1939 "For pioneering improvements in spectroscopics" 1941 Зворыкин, Владимир Козьмич Awarded for the creation of the iconoscope and other related devices 1943 For his contributions to photography 1945 Лэнд, Эдвин Герберт For his inventions related to the application of polarized light 1947 For his research in bioluminescence 1949 Боуэн, Айра Спрейг For his work on the identification of nebulium and for other outstanding works 1951 For his research in the field of optics 1953 Ферми, Энрико For his investigations in electromagnetic radiation and nuclear energy 1953 Лэмб, Уиллис Юджин Awarded for studying the hydrogen spectrum 1953 Онсагер, Ларс For his investigations in thermodynamics related to transportation 1955 Франк, Джеймс For his studies in the investigation of photosynthesis 1957 Субраманьян Чандрасекар For his investigations of the radiative energy balance in stars 1959 Уолд, Джордж For identifying the biochemical basis of vision 1961 Таунс, Чарлз Хард For his development of the laser 1963 Бете, Ханс Альбрехт For pioneering studies in stellar nucleosynthesis 1965 For the invention of the Collins Helium Cryostat and other pioneering work 1965 For his work on the molecular origin of bioluminescence 1967 Дикке, Роберт For his contributions to microwave radiometry and to the understanding of atomic structure 1967 Ниль, Корнелис ван For his contributions to the study of photosynthesis 1968 Шмидт, Мартен For his work deducing the spectra of quasi-stellar objects 1971 M.I.T. GroupRumford Prize Recipients
Canadian Group
NRAO–Cornell Group For their work in the field of long-baseline interferometry 1973 For pioneering the importance of symmetry in polyatomic molecules and for his active work in the field of microwave spectroscopy 1976 Росси, Бруно For discovering the origins of cosmic radiation 1980 For researching the theory of, and working on the application of, fluorescence 1980 Янг Чжэньнин
Миллс, Роберт For development of a generalized gauge invariant field theory 1985 Демельт, Ханс
Рамзей, Норман Фостер Awarded for his work in the field of atomic spectroscopy 1986 For his work in developing infrared astronomy 1992 James R. Norris Awarded for working towards the understanding of photosynthesis 1996 Мазер, Джон Кромвелл For his research related to the cosmic microwave background 2008 Дрелл, Сидни
Нанн, Сэмьюэл
Перри, Уильям Джеймс
Шульц, Джордж For their efforts to reduce the global threat of nuclear weapons 2015 Капассо, Федерико
Чо, Альфред For their contributions to the field of laser technology
Примечания
Ссылки Список лауреатов
Категория:Награды по алфавиту Категория:Награды, появившиеся в 1796 году Категория:Появились в 1796 году в США Категория:1796 год в науке Категория:1839 год в науке Категория:Научные награды США Категория:Списки лауреатов премий Категория:Награды по физике Категория:Американская академия искусств и наук