Палестинци () су арапска етнонационална група пореклом из левантинског региона Палестине.* : "Palestine was part of the first wave of conquest following Muhammad's death in 632 CE; Jerusalem fell to the Caliph Umar in 638. The indigenous population, descended from Jews, other Semitic groups, and non-Semitic groups such as the Philistines, had been mostly Christianized. Over succeeding centuries it was Islamicized, and Arabic replaced Aramaic (a Semitic tongue closely related to Hebrew) as the dominant language" : "Palestinians are the descendants of all the indigenous peoples who lived in Palestine over the centuries; since the seventh century, they have been predominantly Muslim in religion and almost completely Arab in language and culture." : "Furthermore, Zionism itself was also defined by its opposition to the indigenous Palestinian inhabitants of the region. Both the 'conquest of land' and the 'conquest of labor' slogans that became central to the dominant strain of Zionism in the Yishuv originated as a result of the Zionist confrontation with the Palestinian 'other'." : "The origin of the term Palestinian is uncertain. Some historians connect it to the Philistines, a biblical people that resided on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea as early as the twelfth century B.C.E. Thus, Palestinians are considered by some to be the indigenous people of present-day Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip. Other scholars dispute this view, asserting that Jews and others resided in Palestine—usually defined as the narrow strip of land bordered by the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea—long before these Arabs arrived in the seventh century." : "Although their leaders welcomed the Jews as refugees, many Palestinians (the indigenous Arab population of Palestine) viewed the arrival of Jewish settlers as a threat to their security and to their land." : "Although at the beginning of the twentieth century a considerable proportion of the Palestinian Arabs were evidently immigrants from adjacent countries, some may be the descendents of the ancient inhabitants of the country. Thus, some Palestinian Arabs, like the Jews, may claim a genetic relationship to the ancient inhabitants of the country."; "Even though not a race in a biological sense, political Zionism, after a century of attempts to prove contemporary Jews' material, biological relationships – not merely their spiritual, cultural ones – to the ancient people of the biblical stories, in spite of widespread interspersing with local communities, finally has succeeded. It is tragic that Zionism, as well as Arab Nationalism, have failed to recognize the Palestinians, many of whom similarly appear to share phylogenetic relations to the historic inhabitants of the country, as equal partners." * : "But given that the groups we are concerned with (Israelis and Palestinians) are ethnonational groups, their political cultures are heavily shaped by their ethnonational identities." : "This blurring has led to a situation in which characteristics of the State of Israel are presented as characteristics of a nation-state, even though (de facto) it is a binational state, and Palestinian citizens are presented as an ethnic minority group although they are a homeland majority." : "The Palestinians...are an ethnic minority in their country of residence." : "What is noteworthy here is the use of a general category 'Arabs', instead of a more specific one of 'Palestinians.' By turning to a general category, the particularity of Palestinians, among other ethnic and national groups, is erased and in its place Jordanian identity is implanted." : "...throughout the 1990s and 2000s a growing number of PAI political organizations have been increasingly promoting Palestinian consciousness, advancing ethnonationalist objectives, and demanding recognition of collective group rights."
* : "The Palestinians are an Arab people, largely Moslem but with important numbers of Christians, who live in, once lived in, or trace their descent through parents or grandparents to the land once known as Palestine, which came under a British mandate in 1922 and now is the land of Israel, the West Bank of the Jordan and the Gaza Strip." : "Of course, the notion that the Palestinians are an Arab people, an integral part of the Arab world ('the Arab nation'), is wholly legitimate and natural, given the history and culture of the people in question." : "People know who they are, where they live, and where their families have lived for centuries or millennia." : "Palestinians are an indigenous people who either live in, or originate from, historical Palestine.... Although the Muslims guaranteed security and allowed religious freedom to all inhabitants of the region, the majority converted to Islam and adopted Arab culture." : "The process of Arabization and Islamization was gaining momentum there. It was one of the mainstays of Umayyad power and was important in their struggle against both Iraq and the Arabian Peninsula.... Conversions arising from convenience as well as conviction then increased. These conversions to Islam, together with a steady tribal inflow from the desert, changed the religious character of Palestine's inhabitants. The predominantly Christian population gradually became predominantly Muslim and Arabic-speaking. At the same time, during the early years of Muslim control of the city, a small permanent Jewish population returned to Jerusalem after a 500-year absence."
: "the word 'Arab' needs to be used with care. It is applicable to the Bedouin and to a section of the urban and effendi classes; it is inappropriate as a description of the rural mass of the population, the fellaheen. The whole population spoke Arabic, usually corrupted by dialects bearing traces of words of other origin, but it was only the Bedouin who habitually thought of themselves as Arabs. Western travelers from the sixteenth century onwards make the same distinction, and the word 'Arab' almost always refers to them exclusively.... Gradually it was realized that there remained a substantial stratum of the pre-Israelite peasantry, and that the oldest element among the peasants were not 'Arabs' in the sense of having entered the country with or after the conquerors of the seventh century, had been there already when the Arabs came.": "The Arabs of Palestine began widely using the term Palestinian starting in the pre–World War I period to indicate the nationalist concept of a Palestinian people. But after 1948—and even more so after 1967—for Palestinians themselves the term came to signify not only a place of origin but also, more importantly, a sense of a shared past and future in the form of a Palestinian state." Они представљају веома хомогену заједницу која дели један културни и етнички идентитет, говоре палестински арапски и деле блиске верске, језичке и културне везе са другим левантинским Арапима.
Године 1919, палестински муслимани и хришћани чинили су 90 процената становништва Палестине, непосредно пре трећег таласа јеврејске имиграције и успостављања британске мандатне Палестине након Првог светског рата. Противљење јеврејској имиграцији подстакло је консолидацију јединственог националног идентитета, иако је палестинско друштво и даље било фрагментирано регионалним, класним, верским и породичним разликама. Историја палестинског националног идентитета је спорно питање међу научницима. За неке, термин „палестински“ се користи да означи националистички концепт палестинског народа од стране палестинских Арапа од краја 19. века и у периоду пре Првог светског рата, док други тврде да палестински идентитет обухвата наслеђе свих епоха од библијских времена до османског периода. Након израелске декларације о независности, протеривања Палестинаца 1948. године, а још више након палестинског егзодуса 1967. године, термин „палестински“ еволуирао је у осећај заједничке будућности у облику тежњи за палестинском државом.
Основана 1964. године, Организација за ослобођење Палестине је кровна организација за групе које представљају палестински народ пред међународним државама. Палестинска национална управа, званично основана 1994. године као резултат споразума из Осла, је привремено административно тело номинално одговорно за управљање палестинским популационим центрима на Западној обали и у Појасу Газе. Од 1978. године, Уједињене нације обележавају годишњи Међународни дан солидарности са палестинским народом. Према речима британског историчара Перија Андерсона, процењује се да је половина становништва на палестинским територијама избеглице и да су колективно претрпели приближно 300 милијарди америчких долара губитака имовине због израелских конфискација, по ценама из 2008–2009. године., citing
Упркос разним ратовима и егзодусима, отприлике половина светске палестинске популације и даље живи на територији бивше мандатне Палестине, која сада обухвата Израел и окупиране палестинске територије Западне обале и Појаса Газе. У самом Израелу, Палестинци чине скоро 21 проценат становништва као део његових арапских грађана. Многи су палестинске избеглице или интерно расељени Палестинци, укључујући преко 1,4 милиона у Појасу Газе, преко 870.000 на Западној обали, и око 250.000 у самом Израелу. Од палестинског становништва које живи у иностранству, познатог као палестинска дијаспора, више од половине је без држављанства, без легалног држављанства ни у једној земљи. 2,3 милиона дијаспораца је регистровано као избеглице у суседном Јордану, од којих већина има јорданско држављанство; преко милион живи између Сирије и Либана, а око 750.000 живи у Саудијској Арабији, при чему Чиле има највећу концентрацију палестинске дијаспоре (око пола милиона) ван арапског света.
Референце
Цитати
Литература
Cohen, Hillel, Army of Shadows, Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917–1948 Cohen, Robin (1995). .
Drummond, Dorothy Weitz (2004).
Farsoun, Samih K. (2004).
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Shahin, Mariam (2005).
Charles Wilson, "Picturesque Palestine, Sinai and Egypt". New York, 1881.
Ateek, Naim (1992) Jerusalem in Islam and For Palestinian Christians.
Спољашње везе
The Ottoman Palestine Преузмите палестинске слике из доба османске Палестине.
Категорија:Арапски држављани Израела Категорија:Семитски народи Категорија:Арапи