Esta é unha lista das raíces protoindoeuropeas máis comúns. En xeral só se ofrece a lingua máis representativa de cada unha das ramas do indoeuropeo. Todas as palabras se amosan na súa declinación máis representativa.
Abreviaturas utilizadas no resto do documento
Pronomes
*eg- (eu) L ego, E I, OE Ic, R ja, G ego *me- (mín) L me, E me, Ir mé, R menq *wei- (nós) E we, D wir, G emeis *nes- (a nós) L nos, D uns, E us *tu- (ti) A du, Al ti, B tu, D du, E thou, G su, H tuk, Ir tú, K tuwe, L tu, R ty, S tvam *te- (a ti) L te, E thee *iuh- (vós) E ye, you *wos- (vós) L vos *kwo- (quen) A ov/inch', Al kush, B kas, E who, G tis, H kuish, Ir cía, K kuse, L quis, R kto, S ka- *medhyo (entre): С medi-os, L medi-um, E middle, R mejdu, D Mitte, S Madhyah
Numerais
1: *oino- (un) Al një, B vienas, E one, G oios, Ir aon, L ūnus, R odin, S eka, We un 1: *sem- (un) A mek, E some, G heis, K sas, Ir samhail, L semel/sin-gulus/sim-plex R sam, S sa-kr.t 2: *dwo- (dous) A yerku, Al dy, B dy, E two, G duō, H dā-, Ir dó, K wu, L duo, R dva, S dva, We dau 3: *trei- (tres) A yerek', Al tre, B trys, E three, G treis, H tri-, Ir trí, K tre, L trēs, R tri, S tri, We tri 4: *kwetwer- (catro) A č'ors, Al katër, B keturi, E four, G tessares, Ir ceahair, K śtwar, L quattuor, R četyre, S catur, We pedwar 5: *penkwe- (cinco) A hing, Al pesë, B penki, E five, F pinke, G pente, Ir cúig, K päñ, L quinque, R pjat', S pañca, We pump 6: *sweks- (seis) A vec', Al gjashtë, B šeši, E six, G heks, Ir sé, K s.äk, L sex, R šest', S s.as., We chwech 7: *septm- (sete) A yot', Al shtatë, B septyni, E seven, G hepta, Ir seacht, H shipta-, K s.äk, L septem, R sem', S sapta, We saith 8: *oktou- (oito) A ut', tëte, B aštuoni, E eight, G oktō, Ir ocht, K okät, L octō, R vosem', S as.t.a, We wyth 9: *newn- (nove) A inn, nëntë, B devyni, E nine, G ennea, Ir naoi, K ñu, L novem, R devjat', S nava, We naw 10: *dekm- (dez) A tas, dhjetë, B dešimt, E ten, G deka, Ir deich, K śäk, L decem, R desjat', S daśa, We deg 20: *wikmti- (vinte) G eikosi, Ir fiche, L viginti, S vimśati, We ugain 100: *kmtom (cen) B šimtas, E hundred, G hekaton, Ir cead, K känt, L centum, R sto, S śata, I satem, We cant 1000: *teus-kmti (mil) E thousand, W þusundi, OE þusend, B tukstantis, K tumane, OCS tysǫšti', R tysjača *per- (primeiro) Al i parë, B pirmas, E first, G prōtos, H para, Ir er, K parwe, L primus, R pervyĭ, S prathama
Substantivos
Parentesco
*manu- (home): S manus-, I man-us, E man, R muž, B žmones, D Mann *nomon (nome): K nom, L nōmen, E name, S nāmah, G onoma, CC anm-en, R imya, Al emën, OIr ainm, H lāman *wiros (home): S vīra-, I vīra-, L vir, B vyras, K wir, OHG wer, C gwyr, Sk oior, OE wer, OPr wirs *hner (home): S nar, G aner, anthropos, A ayr *gwena (muller): R žena, I gəna, G gynē, E queen, S gnā/jani-, OPr genna, A gin *an- (devanceiro): OG annis, L anna, Il ana, D ano->ahn, B anyta, H hannas, A han, R vnuk, C eontr *pa-ter (pai): L pater, G pater, K pācer, C ater, S pitā, D Vater *mā-ter (nai): A mair, Al motër, B motina, Ir máthair, L māter, G mētēr, R mat', S mātr., K mācer, D Mutter, E mother, We mam *bhrā-ter (irmán): E brother, L frāter, G phrātēr, K procer, R brat, D Bruder, We brawd *swesor (irmá): OE sweostor, S svasar-, R sestra, L soror, OIr siur, A koir, K sar, G eor, We chwaer *sunu- (fillo): S sūnu-, I hunu-, B sūnus, E son, OHG sunu, R syn, G uios *dhugəter (filla): S duhitar-, G thygatēr, K tkācer, E daughter, R pl. docheri, A dustr, D Tochter *daiwer (cuñado): S devar-, R dever', B dieveris, L lēvir, OHG zeihhur, G dāēr, A taigr *swekrū (sogra): R svekrov', S śvaśrū-, B šešuras, OHG swigur, C chwegr, A skesur, L socrus, G ekurā, Al vjehërë *snus-os (nora): S snushā-, OCS snŭkha, OE snoru, L nurus, G nuos, A nu *gəlōu- (cuñada): OCS zlŭva, R zolovka, G galōs, L glōs *yenəter- (muller do cuñado): L ianitrīcēs, G einatēr, B jentė, R yatrov', S yātar- *awon- (avó/tío): L avus/avunculus, B avynas, W ewythr, A hav, OCS uy, OE ēam *nepōt- (neto/sobriño): L nepōs, S napāt-, I napāt-, Al nip, OCS netiy, OE nefa, C nei, D Neffe, We nai *widhewā- (viúva): S vidhavā-, I vidavā-, W widuwō, OPr widdewu, R vdova, L vidua, OIr fedb, D Witwe, We gweddw *ghos-ti (estraño/hóspede): R gost', L hostis, OHG gast, E guest, R gos-pod'
Partes do corpo
*ker- (cabeza): L cervix/cerebrum, R cherep, B kerpetis, G kare, I sar, S karparas, A karapen *pilo- (pelo): G pilos, L pilus/pilleus, B pleike, R plesh >< * *pula-: S pula, OIr ulach *bhru- (cella): S bhrus, B bruvis, Ir bruad, E brow, R brov', MN abroutes, G ophrys, D Braue *ous- (oído): G ous-os, S usi, R ushi, W auso, B ausis, C aus, L auris/aural, Al vesh, D Ohr *okw- (ollo): R oko, L oculus, K ek, A akn, S aksi, OHG ouga, G ops, OHG ouga, E eye, D Auge, Al sy, B akis, Ir fuinneog *nas- (nariz): S nasa, L nasus/naris, R nos/nozdrya, B nosis, E nose, I nah, D Nase *os- (boca): S as/osthas, I aosta, C oss, L os/oral/ostium, B austo/uosta, R usta/ustye *leb- (labio): L labium, D lippe, E lip, C llef, R lobzat' *dent- (dente): L dentis, G odons, C dant, B dantis, S dantam, E tooth, OHG zand, R desna, We dant *dinghu- (lingua): L dingua->lingua, OIr teng, E tongue, W tuggo >< * *daghu->* *gighu: S jihva, I hizva->huzvan, R yazyk, B l-iezuvis, A l-ezu, D Zunge, We tafod *genu- (meixela): L genu, C genou, G genos, W kinnus, S hanus, I zanu, B zandas, F azon, K sanwem, A cnaut *g'ebh- (mandíbula): B zebti, R zebry/jabry/zob, Ir gop, D kiefer, OE ceafl->jowl, I zafana *smek- (queixelo): Ir smech, B smakras, S smasru, H zamakur, A mauruk, Al mjekre, L maxilla *bhardha (barba): B barzda, OCS brada, L barba, E beard, D Bart, We barf *moni (pescozo): S manya, L monile, E mane, Ir muine, G mannon, R monisto, We mwnwgl *omesos (ombro): G omos, S amsa, W ams, L umerus, K antse, A us *arm- (brazo): Oss arm, A armukn, L armus, W arms, E arm, S irmas, OPr irmo, OCS ramo, D Arm *el- (cóbado): C elin, OHG elina, G alas/oleon, A olok, L ulna, B elkune, R lokot', S aratnis, We elin *dous- (antebrazo): S dos, I daos, Ir doe, B pa-duse, R pazukha *ghes-(man): S hastas, I zasta, B pa-zaste L prai-ghes-to >< H kessar, G kheir->chiros, A jerk *onogh (unlla): G onohos, S anghri, L unguis, D nagel, R nogot', B nagutis, I nakhara, C eguin, A elungn, We ewin *steno- (peito): G stenion, A stin, S stana, I fstana >< * *speno-: B spenys, ON speni, OIr sine, L sternum *perk- (costela): OCS persi, B pirsys, S parsus, I parsum, Oss fars *pog- (regazo): S paksas, B paksis, L pectus, R pakh, K passa *onbh- (embigo): S nabhya, I naba, B naba, D nabel, G omphalos, L umbo/umbilicus, OIr imbliu *udero- (baixo ventre): L uterus, G otheros, S udaram, I udaras, B vedaras, R bedro, L venter, D wanst *pizda (vulva, "pixa"): R pizda, B pizda, Al pith >< * *put-: L puteo, B puti, ON futh, OHG vut *pes- (pene, "pixo"): G peos, L penis, OHG faselt, S pasas *orghi- (testículo): G orhis, A orjik, I uirghe, B arzus, I arazi, Al herde *ors- (ano): G orrhos, A or, H arras, E arse, OIr err, D arsch *k'louni- (nádega): L clunis, C clun, ON hlaun, N slaunis, S sroni, I sraoni, We clun *kroksko (perna): Al krake, B karka, OCS kraka, R okorok, S kiskum *ped- (pie): B peda, L pes/pedis, S padam, E foot, A vot, G pos, R pedsios->peshiy *gwenu- (xeonllo): R zveno, L genu, C geno, H gienu, E knee, G gony, S janu, Il Genua/Genava, D Knie *kenk- (rótula): S kankala, B kenkle, Lt cinksla, E heel *persna (talón): S parsni, L perna/pernis, H parsina, W fairsna, D ferse, G pteron
Órganos
*krep- (corpo): S krapa, I xrafstra, Al shkrep, OHG href, L corpus -> D Körper; E corpse, Ir cri, G prapis, We corff *nau- (cadáver): K naut, W naus, OPr nave, R nav'/onava, C newyn, OHG not *pel- (pel): G pelos, L pellis, R pelena, D fell, E film, G pilon, B pleinen > *tuakos (pel): S tvacas, H tuekkas, G sakos *ost- (óso): Al asht, L oss, G osteon/ostrakon -> E oyster, R k-ost', S asthi, I asti, We asgwrn *gwiya (tendón): S jya, I jya, B giya, G bios, OCS jitsa >< R jila, A jil, B gysla, L filum, We gewyn *memso (carne): S mamsam, OPr mensa, W mimz, R myaso, Al mish, A mis, K misa, L membrum, G menisk *kreu- (sangue): S kravis, B kraujas, R krov', L cruor, Ir crau, G kreas, ON kruvas, I kruva-, E raw, We crau *esr- (sangue): S asrak, OL aser, B asins, H eshar, K ysar, G eiar, A ariun *mozgo (cerebro): R mozg, I mazga, S majjas, K massunt, OPr muzgeno, OHG marag *ghelgh- (glándula): A geljk, B gelezunes, R jeleza *reusmen- (garganta): S romantha, C rhumen, L rumen/ruma/ruminare *pleu-mon (pulmón): G pleumon, S kloman, B plausas, R plyuche *kerd- (corazón): S kerd, H karts, L cordis, G kardia, E heart, C craidd, R serdtse, B sirdis, A sird, We craidd *yekwr- (fígado): S yaknas, B jaknos, I yakar, L iecur, Ir iuchair, I jigar, G hepar, R ikra *splengh- (bazo): G splen, OIr selg, OCS slezena, L lien, I sparazan, S plihan, B bluznis *ghel- (bile): R jelch, E gall, G chole, L fellis, D Galle *lendh- (ril): D lenden, R lyadvie, L lumbus *gwelbh- (útero): E womb, S garbhas, G thelphos >< * *gwrebh-: G brephos, Ir brommach, R jrebya *g'her- (intestinos): L hernia, S hirah, G horion, L haru-spex, ON garn, B zarna, A jar *eter- (intestinos): OCS yatro, R utroba, G entera, S antram, A anderk, OIr inathar *bhudhmen (traseiro): S budhnah, I buno, A bun, Ir bond, G nuthmen, L fundus, OHG bodam, E bottom, We bôn *kakka (excremento): R kaka, G kakkao, L cacare, A kakor, Ir cacc, D kacke
Sentimentos e calidades
*men- (mente): L mens/mental, G menos/mnasthai/memona, S manas, I manah-, E mind, B minti, R mnit', A mit *aiw- (forza vital): S ayuh, I ayu, K aym, L aevum, E aye/ever, G aeon/aion *sopn- (sono): B sapnas, S svapnas, L somnus/sopio, ON svefn, K spane, G supno->hypnos, I xvafna, Ir suan, R son, A keun, Al gjumë, We hun *an- (espírito): S anas, W andi, C anal, L animal/animus, G anemos, R von', We anysbryd *g'eus- (gusto): OIr guss, L gustus, W kustus, D kiesen, S josati, I zaoso/zusto, Al desha *ters- (sede): S tarsna, I tarsu, A tarsamim, G tersesthai, Al ter, L torrus/terra, E thirst, D Durst *sueid- (suor): A khrtinkh, Al djersë, E sweat, B sviedri, S svedate, L sudor/sudare, G hydros, D Schweiss, We chwys *dakru- (lágrima): G dakru, C deigr, L lacrima, D zahre, E tear, S asru, B asara, We deigryn *ghouros (temor): S ghoras, W gaurs, D graus, Ir gure, R jurit' *ghers- (horror): ON gersta, B grassa, A garsim, I grahma, OIr gortae *trudes- (lepra): L trudo, R trud, OIr trosc, W trutsfill, G truo, B truneti
Termos celestes
*sawel- (sol): B saule, L sol, C haul, G helios, Al (h)yll, E sun, R solntse, S suras, D Sonne, We haul *mens- (lúa/mes): G mene/men, K men/meñe, L mensis, E moon/month, R mesyats, S masas, A amsoy, I mahya, Ir mi, D Mond/Monat, Al muaj, B mėnuo, We mis *ster- (estrela): G aster, C sterenn, D stern, E star, L Sidus,sideris/stella, A astel, S tarah/strebhih, We seren, K śre *nebh- (ceo/nube): R nebo, L nebulo, OHG nebul, S nabhas, G nephos, H nepis, D Nebel (brétema), We nef *leuk- (luz): G leukos, L lux, R luch, A luys, C lugus, E light, S rokas -> L luna, R luna, D Licht -> leuchten (verbo), We llug, K luk- *telp- (espazo): S talpas, B talpa, R tolpa, K tsalp, Ir tallaim, We talm
Horas do día
*aus- (amencer): B ausra, OHG ostra, S usras, R utro, E east, G (h)eos, L aurora *agh- (mañá): S ahem, Al agoj/agume, G aige, R yug *deien- (día): A tiv, R den', OIr denus, B diena, S dinam, L dies,nundinae, Al gdhinj, We dydd, OE lencten *vesper (tarde): A gišer, L vespera, G hesperos, B vakaras, Ir fescor, R vecher, W veig, We ucher E West *nekwt- (noite): G nykt, B naktis, D nacht, S naktis, G nuktos, H nekuz, C nocht, L nox, R noch, Al natë, Ir anocht, K nekchiye, We nos
Estacións
*iero- (ano): W jer, E year, I yare, OCS yaro, G iros, L hornus, D Jahr