Темите (102 – 131) по-долу са покрити в глава IV-та: Миология от Анатомията на Грей (версия от 1918 г.)
Mechanics of muscle ()
unipennate bipennate
origin insertion synergic muscles fixation muscles The Mechanics of Muscle
The Direction of the Muscle Pull
The Action of the Muscle Pull on the Tendon The Strength of Muscles
absolute muscle strength The Work Accomplished by Muscles physiological cross-section maximum shortening position of the joint
The Action of Muscles on Joints
Levers
development of the muscles ()
The Myotomic Muscles The Ventrolateral Muscles of the Neck Muscles of the Shoulder girdle and Arm
The Myotomic Muscles The Muscles of the Leg The Muscles of the Head
Striped muscle (Voluntary muscle) perimysium epimysium fasciculi endomysium muscular fiber sarcolemma
muscle columns sarcoplasm areas of Cohnheim sarcostyles
Dobie's line (Kraus's membrane) lines of Hensen sarcomere sarcous element
capillaries of striped muscle
Tendons, aponeuroses, and fasciae ()
Tendons organs of Golgi Aponeuroses fasciae
fasciae superficial fascia white fibers yellow elastic fibers matrix cells of areolar tissue lamellar cells Clasmatocytes Granule cells Plasma cells wandering cells pigment cells
fasciae deep fascia
The fasciae and muscles of the head The muscles of the scalp ()
Epicranius Skin of the Scalp superficial fascia Epicranius (Occipitofrontalis)
Occipitalis Frontalis
galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis) Transversus nuchæ
The muscles of the eyelid ()
Levator palpebræ superioris Orbicularis oculi (Orbicularis palpebrarum) medial palpebral ligament palpebral portion orbital portion lacrimal part (Tensor tarsi)
Orbicularis oculi (Orbicularis palpebrarum) medial palpebral ligament (tendo oculi) lateral palpebral raphé Corrugator (Corrugator supercilii)
The muscles of the nose ()
Procerus (Pyramidalis nasi) Nasalis (Compressor naris) Depressor septi (Depressor alœ nasi) Dilatator naris posterior Dilatator naris anterior
The muscles of the mouth ()
muscles of the mouth
Quadratus labii superioris angular head infraorbital head zygomatic head Caninus (Levator anguli oris) Zygomaticus (Zygomaticus major) Mentalis (Levator menti) Quadratus labii inferioris (Depressor labii inferioris; Quadratus menti) Triangularis (Depressor anguli oris) Transversus menti
Buccinator suctorial pad pterygomandibular raphé (pterygomandibular ligament) Orbicularis oris
lateral band (m. incisivus labii superioris) medial band (m. nasolabialis) philtrum m. incisivus labii inferioris Risorius
The muscles of mastication ()
Parotideomasseteric fascia (masseteric fascia) Masseter Tooth cement Cementoenamel junction Cementoma Cementoblast Cementoblastoma Cementogenesis Cemento-osseous dysplasia
Temporal fascia Temporalis (Temporal muscle) Pterygoideus externus (External pterygoid muscle)
Pterygoideus internus (Internal pterygoid muscle)
The fasciae and muscles of the anterolateral region of the neck The superficial cervical muscle ()
Platysma
The lateral cervical muscles ()
Fascia colli (deep cervical fascia) investing portion of the fascia Above parotideomasseteric fascia stylomandibular ligament sphenomandibular ligament pterygospinous ligament
Fascia colli (deep cervical fascia) Below suprasternal space (space of Burns) fascia which lines the deep surface of the Sternocleidomastoideus carotid sheath prevertebral fascia
Fascia colli (deep cervical fascia) fascia which lines the deep surface of the Sternocleidomastoideus prevertebral fascia buccopharyngeal fascia retropharyngeal space pretrachial fascia Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternomastoid muscle) Triangles of the neck anterior triangle
Triangles of the neck posterior triangle
The supra- and infrahyoid muscles () Suprahyoid muscles
Digastricus (Digastric muscle) posterior belly anterior belly
Digastricus (Digastric muscle) suprahyoid aponeurosis submaxillary triangle carotid triangle suprahyoid triangle or submental triangle Stylohyoideus (Stylohyoid muscle) Omohyoideus Stylohyoid ligament (ligamentum stylohyoideus)
Stylohyoid ligament (ligamentum stylohyoideus) epihyal Mylohyoideus (Mylohyoid muscle) Geniohyoideus (Geniohyoid muscle)
Infrahyoid muscles
Sternohyoideus (Sternohyoid muscle) Sternothyreoideus (Sternothyroid muscle)
Thyreohyoideus (Thyrohyoid muscle) Omohyoideus (Omohyoid muscle) occipital triangle subclavian triangle carotid triangle muscular triangle
The anterior vertebral muscles ()
Longus colli
Longus capitis (Rectus capitis anticus major) Rectus capitis anterior (Rectus capitis anticus minor) Rectus capitis lateralis
The lateral vertebral muscles ()
Scalenus anterior (Scalenus anticus) Scalenus medius Scalenus posterior (Scalenus posticus)
The fasciae and muscles of the trunk The deep muscles of the back ()
Lumbodorsal fascia (fascia lumbodorsalis; lumbar aponeurosis and vertebral fascia) nuchal fascia Splenius capitis Splenius cervicis (Splenius colli) Дълбок гръбен мускул (m. erector spinae)
Iliocostalis Iliocostalis lumborum (Iliocostalis muscle; Sacrolumbalis muscle) Iliocostalis dorsi (Musculus accessorius) Iliocostalis cervicis (Cervicalis ascendens) Longissimus Longissimus dorsi Longissimus cervicis (Transversalis cervicis) Longissimus capitis (Trachelomastoid muscle) Spinalis Spinalis dorsi
Spinalis Spinalis cervicis (Spinalis colli) Spinalis capitis (Biventer cervicis) Semispinalis Semispinalis dorsi Semispinalis cervicis (Semispinalis colli) Semispinalis capitis (Complexus) Spinalis capitis (Biventer cervicis) Multifidus (Multifidus spinæ) Rotatores (Rotatores spinæ) Interspinales
Extensor coccygis Intertransversarii (Intertransversales) Intertransversarii anteriores Intertransversarii posteriores Intertransversarii laterales Intertransversarii mediales
The suboccipital muscles ()
Rectus capitis posterior major (Rectus capitis posticus major) Rectus capitis posterior minor (Rectus capitis posticus minor)
Obliquus capitis inferior (Obliquus inferior) Obliquus capitis superior (Obliquus superior) Suboccipital triangle
The muscles of the thorax ()
Intercostal fasciae
Intercostales (Intercostal muscles) Intercostales externi (External intercostals) anterior intercostal membranes Intercostales interni (Internal intercostals) posterior intercostal membranes Subcostales (Infracostales) Transversus thoracis (Triangularis sterni) Levatores costarum Levatores costarum breves
Levatores costarum Levatores costarum longi Serratus posterior superior (Serratus posticus superior) Serratus posterior inferior (Serratus posticus inferior) Diaphragm Medial lumbocostal arch (arcus lumbocostalis medialis; internal arcuate ligament)
Lateral lumbocostal arch (arcus lumbocostalis lateralis; external arcuate ligament) Crura right crus left crus
Central tendon of diaphragm Openings in the Diaphragm aortic hiatus esophageal hiatus vena caval foramen lesser apertures
Respiration, mechanism of:
The muscles and fasciae of the abdomen () The anterolateral muscles
Superficial fascia superficial layer (fascia of Camper) deep layer (fascia of Scarpa)
Obliquus externus abdominis (External or descending oblique muscle)
Obliquus externus abdominis (External or descending oblique muscle) aponeurosis of the Obliquus externus abdominis linea alba inguinal ligament lacunar ligament reflected inguinal ligament Subcutaneous inguinal ring (annulus inguinalis subcutaneus; external abdominal ring) crura of the ring inferior crus (external pillar) superior crus (internal pillar) Intercrural fibers (fibræ intercrurales; intercolumnar fibers)
Intercrural fibers (fibræ intercrurales; intercolumnar fibers) intercrural fascia external spermatic fascia Inguinal ligament (ligamentum inguinale; Poupart's ligament)
Lacunar ligament (ligamentum lacunare [Gimbernati]; Gimbernat’s ligament) Reflected inguinal ligament (ligamentum inguinale reflexum; triangular fascia) Ligament of Cooper Вътрешен кос коремен мускул (m. obliquus internus abdominis)
Вътрешен кос коремен мускул (m. obliquus internus abdominis) inguinal aponeurotic falx
Cremaster cremasteric fascia Transversus abdominis (Transversalis muscle) inguinal aponeurotic falx (falx aponeurotica inguinalis; conjoined tendon of Internal oblique and Transversalis muscle)
inguinal aponeurotic falx (falx aponeurotica inguinalis; conjoined tendon of Internal oblique and Transversalis muscle) interfoveolar ligament of Hesselbach Rectus abdominis
Rectus abdominis tendinous inscriptions linea semicircularis Pyramidalis
Linea alba adminiculum lineae albae Lineae semilunares
Transversalis fascia deep crural arch abdominal inguinal ring (annulus inguinalis abdominis; internal or deep abdominal ring) infundibuliform fascia Inguinal canal (canalis inguinalis; spermatic canal) Extraperitoneal connective tissue
Deep crural arch
The posterior muscles
Fascia covering the quadratus lumborum
Quadratus lumborum
The muscles and fasciae of the pelvis ()
pelvic diaphragm Pelvic fascia fascia of the Obturator internus
Pelvic fascia fascia of the Obturator internus Alcock's canal fascia of the Piriformis diaphragmatic part of the pelvic fascia anal fascia
Pelvic fascia tendinous arch or white line of the pelvic fascia endopelvic part of the pelvic fascia vesical layer rectovesical layer rectal layer Levator ani
Levator ani anococcygeal raphé
Levator ani Levator prostatae Iliococcygeus Iliosacralis Pubococcygeus Puborectalis Sphincter recti Coccygeus
The muscles and fasciae of the perineum () The muscles of the anal region
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia Ischiorectal fossa (fossa ischiorectalis) Corrugator cutis ani Sphincter ani externus (External sphincter ani)
anococcygeal raphé Sphincter ani internus (Internal sphincter ani)
The muscles of the urogenital region in the male
superficial layer of superficial fascia deep layer of superficial fascia (fascia of Colles)
Central tendinous point of the perineum Transversus perinæi superficialis (Transversus perinæi; Superficial transverse perineal muscle)
Bulbocavernosus (Ejaculator urinæ; Accelerator urinæ) Ischiocavernosus (Erector penis) Deep fascia urogenital diaphragm (triangular ligament) inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm
superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm transverse ligament of the pelvis Transversus perinæi profundus Constrictor urethræ Sphincter urethræ membranaceæ
The muscles of the urogenital region in the female
Transversus perinæi superficialis (Transversus perinæi; Superficial transverse perineal muscle) Bulbocavernosus (Sphincter vaginæ) Ischiocavernosus (Erector clitoridis) fascia of the urogenital diaphragm
Transversus perinæi profundus
The fascia and muscles of the upper extremity The muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column ()
Trapezius Latissimus dorsi
axillary arch lumbar triangle of Petit triangle of ausculation Rhomboideus major Rhomboideus minor
Повдигач на лопатката (m. levator scapulae)
The muscles connecting the upper extremity to the anterior and lateral thoracic walls ()
Superficial fascia ligamenta suspensoria Pectoral fascia
Pectoral fascia axillary fascia suspensory ligament of the axilla Pectoralis major
Pectoralis major Costocoracoideus Chondro-epitrochlearis Sternalis Coracoclavicular fascia (fascia coracoclavicularis; costocoracoid membrane; clavipectoral fascia) costocoracoid ligament
Pectoralis minor Pectoralis minimus Subclavius Serratus anterior (Serratus magnus)
The muscles and fasciae of the shoulder ()
Deltoideus (Deltoid muscle)