Осма́ньскый язы́к або османьско-турецькый язык быв штандартізованов формов турецького языка в Османьскій імперії (14.–20. стороча н. е.). Писав ся османьско-турецькым алфавітом і во вшыткых оглядах во великій мірї черьпав з перзьского і арабского языка (посередництвом перзьского). Османьско-турецькый язык быв про сельскых Турків з великой части незрозумілым, тоты надале хосновали „kaba Türkçe“ („суровый/вулґарный турецькый“; пор. з вулґарным латиньскым і демотічным ґрецькым), котрый обсяговав овелё менше чуджоязычных слов і є основов модерного штандартного турецького языка.

Меджі означіня того языка належали „lisân-ı Türkî“ або „zebân-ı Türkî“ („турецькый язык“) або, алтернатівно почас османьской еры, „lisân-ı Rûm“ або „zebân-ı Rûm“ („язык Румів“). В періодї Танзімату (1839–1876) ся при означованю языка хосновав термін „османьскый“ (لسان عثماني lisân-ı Osmânî або عثمانليجه Osmanlıca). Модерный турецькый язык хоснує такы самы терміны при означованю языка той добы (Osmanlıca і Osmanlı Türkçesi). В общім ся турецькый язык называв: تركجه Türkçe або تركی Türkî „турецькый“.

Історія Historically, Ottoman Turkish was transformed in three eras:

(Old Ottoman Turkish): the version of Ottoman Turkish used until the 16th century. It was almost identical with the Turkish used by Seljuk empire and Anatolian beyliks and was often regarded as part of (Old Anatolian Turkish). (Middle Ottoman Turkish) or (Classical Ottoman Turkish): the language of poetry and administration from the 16th century until Tanzimat. (New Ottoman Turkish): the version shaped from the 1850s to the 20th century under the influence of journalism and Western-oriented literature.

Ottoman Turkish was developed and extensively promoted as an imperial and court language during the reign of Mehmed II, with whose encouragement the language became heavily Persianised.

Language reform

In 1928, following the fall of the Ottoman Empire after World War I and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, widespread language reforms (a part in the greater framework of Atatürk's reforms) instituted by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk saw the replacement of many Persian and Arabic origin loanwords in the language with their Turkish equivalents. One of the main supporters of the reform was the Turkish nationalist Ziya Gökalp. It also saw the replacement of the Perso-Arabic script with the extended Latin alphabet. The changes were meant to encourage the growth of a new variety of written Turkish that more closely reflected the spoken vernacular and to foster a new variety of spoken Turkish that reinforced Turkey's new national identity as being a post-Ottoman state.

See the list of replaced loanwords in Turkish for more examples of Ottoman Turkish words and their modern Turkish counterparts. Five examples of Arabic loanwords are found below with their Turkic-derived synonyms, the Arabic loanwords are still used alongside the Turkic words in Modern Turkish.

Русиньскый Османьскый Модерный турецькый duty positive hardship province война

Транслітерації

The transliteration system of the has become a de facto standard in Oriental studies for the transliteration of Ottoman Turkish texts.Korkut Buğday Osmanisch, p. 2 In transcription, the New Redhouse, Karl Steuerwald, and Ferit Devellioğlu dictionaries have become standard.Korkut Buğday Osmanisch, p. 13 Another transliteration system is the (DMG), which provides a transliteration system for any Turkic language written in Arabic script.Transkriptionskommission der DMG Die Transliteration der arabischen Schrift in ihrer Anwendung auf die Hauptliteratursprachen der islamischen Welt, p. 9 There are few differences between the İA and the DMG systems.

+ Транслітерація İAKorkut Buğday Osmanisch, p. 2f.

Референції

Далшы жрїдла В анґліцькім языку Online copies: , , Online copies from Google Books: , ,

Lewis, Geoffrey. The Jarring Lecture 2002. "The Turkish Language Reform: A Catastrophic Success". В іншых языках Mehmet Hakkı Suçin. Qawâ'id al-Lugha al-Turkiyya li Ghair al-Natiqeen Biha (Turkish Grammar for Arabs; adapted from Mehmet Hengirmen's Yabancılara Türkçe Dilbilgisi), Engin Yayınevi, (2003). Mehmet Hakkı Suçin. Atatürk'ün Okuduğu Kitaplar: Endülüs Tarihi (Books That Atatürk Read: History of Andalucia; purification from the Ottoman Turkish, published by Anıtkabir Vakfı, 2001).

Екстерны одказы Latin to Ottoman Turkish transliteration Michael Talbot. 2021. Central Europe in 1910 as Seen Through the Lens of Ottoman Turkish (pp. 68-71). In: Tomasz Kamusella. Words in Space and Time: A Historical Atlas of Language Politics in Modern Central Europe. Budapest and Vienna: Central European University Press. Ottoman Text Archive Project Ottoman Turkish Language: Resources – University of Michigan Ottoman Turkish Language Texts Ottoman-Turkish-English Open Dictionary Ottoman<->Turkish Dictionary – University of Pamukkale You can use ? character instead of an unknown letter. It provides results from Arabic and Persian dictionaries, too. Ottoman<->Turkish Dictionary – ihya.org Kubbealtı Lugatı